{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T15:42:24Z","timestamp":1770219744263,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,27]],"date-time":"2014-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1403827200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Clinical Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cerebrospinal fluid (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSF<\/jats:styled-content>) is commonly acquired in dogs with intervertebral disk herniation (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IVDH<\/jats:styled-content>) and is a common method to assess inflammatory responses following spinal cord injury (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCI<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of the study was to describe relationships between cisternal<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSF<\/jats:styled-content>characteristics, behavioral measures of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCI<\/jats:styled-content>, T2\u2010 weighted (T2W) hyperintensity on magnetic resonance imaging (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content>), and long\u2010term outcome in dogs with<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IVDH<\/jats:styled-content>. Diagnostic accuracy of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSF<\/jats:styled-content>for differentiating<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IVDH<\/jats:styled-content>from other myelopathies was also assessed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The retrospective case series included 727 dogs, 443 with thoracolumbar<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IVDH<\/jats:styled-content>, 103 with cervical<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IVDH<\/jats:styled-content>, and 181 with other spinal cord diseases. Signalment, initial neurologic function, ambulatory function at long\u2010term follow\u2010up, T2W<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content>, and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSF<\/jats:styled-content>variables were recorded for dogs with<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IVDH<\/jats:styled-content>. Signalment, etiology, and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSF<\/jats:styled-content>data were retrieved for dogs with other myelopathies. Associations between<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSF<\/jats:styled-content>predictors, diagnosis, and outcomes were assessed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSF<\/jats:styled-content>total nucleated cell count (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNCC<\/jats:styled-content>) increased with<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCI<\/jats:styled-content>severity (rho \u22120.256,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001) in dogs with<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IVDH<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNCC<\/jats:styled-content>was significantly higher in the presence of T2W hyperintensity (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.001) in dogs with thoracolumbar<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IVDH<\/jats:styled-content>, but<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNCC<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RBC<\/jats:styled-content>count, microprotein, and percent neutrophils decreased with increasing injury duration (rho \u22120.253,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001; rho \u22120.269,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001; rho \u22120.141,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.004, and rho \u22120.356,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001, respectively).<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSF<\/jats:styled-content>characteristics were not accurate for differentiating<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IVDH<\/jats:styled-content>from other spinal cord diseases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In dogs with<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IVDH<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSF TNCC<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RBC<\/jats:styled-content>count, microprotein, and percent neutrophils are correlated with clinical aspects of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCI<\/jats:styled-content>such as injury severity and duration, but cannot differentiate<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IVDH<\/jats:styled-content>from other etiologies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vcp.12165","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,27]],"date-time":"2014-06-27T21:43:19Z","timestamp":1403905399000},"page":"437-446","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Relationships between cerebrospinal fluid characteristics, injury severity, and functional outcome in dogs with and without intervertebral disk herniation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Gwendolyn J.","family":"Levine","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathobiology College of Veterinary Medicine &amp; Biomedical Sciences Texas A&amp;M University College Station TX 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