{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T01:20:12Z","timestamp":1790040012827,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,20]],"date-time":"2014-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1413763200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Clinical Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Increased serum concentrations of homocysteine (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCY<\/jats:styled-content>) and methylmalonic acid (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMA<\/jats:styled-content>), the 2 main cobalamin\u2010dependent metabolites, as well as decreased serum albumin and canine alpha<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010proteinase inhibitor (c\u03b1<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PI<\/jats:styled-content>) concentrations have previously been described in hypocobalaminemic dogs with gastrointestinal disease. However, no studies have been conducted to evaluate potential relationships between these serum biomarkers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCY<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMA<\/jats:styled-content>, 2 cobalamin\u2010dependent metabolites, and both serum albumin and c\u03b1<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PI<\/jats:styled-content> concentrations in hypocobalaminemic dogs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Serum samples from 285 dogs including 7 different breeds (Beagle, Boxer, Cocker Spaniel, German Shepherd, Labrador Retriever, Chinese Shar\u2010Pei, and Yorkshire Terrier) with hypocobalaminemia were used. Serum <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCY<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> MMA<\/jats:styled-content>, albumin, and c\u03b1<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PI<\/jats:styled-content> concentrations were determined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There was a significant correlation between serum <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCY<\/jats:styled-content> and albumin concentrations, as well as serum <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCY<\/jats:styled-content> and c\u03b1<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PI<\/jats:styled-content> concentrations (\u03c1\u00a0=\u00a00.62 and \u03c1\u00a0=\u00a00.37, respectively; <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>.0001). No correlations were observed between serum <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMA<\/jats:styled-content> and albumin concentrations, or c\u03b1<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PI<\/jats:styled-content> concentrations (\u03c1\u00a0=\u00a00.01 and \u03c1\u00a0=\u00a00.08, respectively; <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&gt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>.05). In addition, significant breed\u2010specific correlations were observed between serum <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMA<\/jats:styled-content> and albumin concentrations in German Shepherds, and serum <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCY<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMA<\/jats:styled-content> concentrations in Chinese Shar\u2010Peis with hypocobalaminemia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study shows a correlation between serum albumin and c\u03b1<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PI<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCY<\/jats:styled-content> concentrations, but not with serum <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMA<\/jats:styled-content> concentration in dogs with hypocobalaminemia. In addition, significant breed\u2010specific correlations were observed between serum <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMA<\/jats:styled-content> and albumin concentrations in German Shepherds, as well as serum <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCY<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMA<\/jats:styled-content> concentrations in Chinese Shar\u2010Peis, emphasizing the unique metabolic interactions in those dog breeds affected by hypocobalaminemia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vcp.12204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,20]],"date-time":"2014-10-20T15:16:04Z","timestamp":1413818164000},"page":"561-566","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Relationship between cobalamin\u2010dependent metabolites and both serum albumin and alpha<sub>1<\/sub>\u2010proteinase inhibitor concentrations in hypocobalaminemic dogs of 7 different breeds"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Niels","family":"Gr\u00fctzner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrointestinal Laboratory Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Texas A&amp;M University College Station TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan S.","family":"Suchodolski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrointestinal Laboratory Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Texas A&amp;M University College Station TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00f6rg M.","family":"Steiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrointestinal Laboratory Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Texas A&amp;M University College Station TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2011.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2013.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1040638713485960"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2007.tb02928.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2011.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.101171"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2007.tb03011.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.C200267200"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_10_1","first-page":"692","article-title":"Evaluation of serum methylmalonic acid concentrations in Chinese Shar\u2010Peis and dogs of six other breeds with cobalamin deficiency","volume":"25","author":"Gr\u00fctzner N","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_11_1","first-page":"766","article-title":"Serum homocysteine concentrations in Chinese Shar\u2010Peis and dogs of six other breeds with cobalamin deficiency","volume":"26","author":"Gr\u00fctzner N","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2011.174490"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11613\/BM.2013.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vcp.12039"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_15_1","unstructured":"Gastrointestinal Laboratory at Texas A&M University. 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