{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T19:11:33Z","timestamp":1788808293994,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,10]],"date-time":"2014-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1415577600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Clinical Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>A 10\u2010year\u2010old female spayed German Shepherd dog, with a year\u2010long history of recurrent left ear infections, was presented for progressive ataxia, head tilt, and pain on opening of the mouth. On physical examination, a large amount of ceruminous debris was present in the left ear and multiple neurologic defects localizing to the cerebellum and vestibular system were identified. Magnetic resonance imaging (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content>) demonstrated a minimally contrast\u2010enhancing mass within the left bulla, an intracranial space\u2010occupying, heterogeneously contrast\u2010enhancing lesion at the level of the left cerebello\u2010medullary junction, and contrast enhancement of the ipsilateral meninges. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed a marked mixed cell pleocytosis (nucleated cell count 655\u00a0cells\/\u03bcL). The mass was visualized within the horizontal ear canal by otoscopic examination and a biopsy was taken. Impression smears of the biopsy contained many anucleate keratinized squamous epithelial cells, mild mixed inflammation, and few presumptive fibroblasts. With the provided clinical history and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content>findings, a cytologic diagnosis of cholesteatoma was made. A ventral bulla osteotomy was performed, and histopathologic examination of resected tissue confirmed the cytologic diagnosis of cholesteatoma. The dog's clinical symptoms improved postoperatively, but the dog died of unrelated causes, 3.5\u00a0months later. To our knowledge, this is the first description of the cytologic features of a cholesteatoma, which is a nonneoplastic, but locally invasive epidermoid cyst, in the middle ear of dogs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/vcp.12212","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,10]],"date-time":"2014-11-10T18:22:44Z","timestamp":1415643764000},"page":"157-163","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Cholesteatoma and meningoencephalitis in a dog with chronic otitis externa"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Ashleigh W.","family":"Newman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Cornell University Ithaca NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chelsie M.","family":"Estey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences College of 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