{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T13:24:22Z","timestamp":1762521862700,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,14]],"date-time":"2016-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1452729600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Clinical Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>In recent years, an increasing number of cases of canine dirofilariasis have been reported worldwide. However, the rate of infection in dogs is largely unknown in many remote areas, and the importance of field studies for determination of the prevalence of canine dirofilariasis in such areas is well recognized. The detection of microfilariae by the modified Knott's test (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MKT<\/jats:styled-content>) is a recommended screening method for canine dirofilariasis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purposes of this study were to compare the diagnostic sensitivity of the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MKT<\/jats:styled-content>with the buffy coat smear method (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BCS<\/jats:styled-content>), and to evaluate the utility of these 2 methods under field study conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>One hundred and fifty dogs of the Maio Island of Republic of Cabo Verde, were screened for microfilariae using<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MKT<\/jats:styled-content>and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BCS<\/jats:styled-content>. The results of the 2 methods were generated in a blinded manner and statistically compared.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The detection rate was 4.67% with the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MKT<\/jats:styled-content>and 5.33% with<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BCS<\/jats:styled-content>, which is statistically not different. The latter allowed a morphologic identification of<jats:italic>Dirofilaria repens<\/jats:italic>(later confirmed by molecular biology methods) and an estimation of parasite load, which varied from 15 to 185 microfilariae\/mL.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The methods<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MKT<\/jats:styled-content>and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BCS<\/jats:styled-content>were comparable in terms of diagnostic sensitivity. However, the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BCS<\/jats:styled-content>was technically less demanding and produced permanent preparations, in which co\u2010infection with other hematologic pathogens can easily be assessed. Overall, this method is well suited to assess microfilariae in a large number of animals, and it could replace the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MKT<\/jats:styled-content>in studies devoted to dirofilariasis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vcp.12321","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,15]],"date-time":"2016-01-15T00:59:08Z","timestamp":1452819548000},"page":"201-205","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Buffy coat smear or Knott's test: which to choose for canine microfilaria screening in field studies?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Marcos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar University of Porto Porto Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar University of Porto Porto Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar University of Porto Porto Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Camilla","family":"Luzzago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health University of Milan Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"Lauzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health University of Milan Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o P.","family":"Maia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources InBIO Universidade do Porto Vila do Conde Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Biology Faculty of Sciences University of Porto Porto Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Augusto","family":"Faustino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar University of Porto Porto Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Puente\u2010Payo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar University of Porto Porto Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00012-12"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2009.03.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-3-34"},{"volume-title":"Current Canine Guidelines for the Diagnosis, Prevention, and Management of Heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) Infection in Dogs","year":"2012","author":"American Heartworm Society","key":"e_1_2_6_5_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","first-page":"137","volume-title":"Dirofilaria immitis and D. repens in Dog and Cat and Human Infections","author":"Genchi C","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-6-48"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/JOH2003210"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.23.7.632"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-165X.1973.tb00026.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1988.49.03.321","article-title":"Quantitative buffy coat analysis for hematologic measurements of canine, feline and equine blood samples and for the detection of microfilaremia in dogs","volume":"49","author":"Brown SA","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004360050389"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2012.09.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","unstructured":"AntunesA.Estimation and Characterization of the Dog and Cat Population on Maio Island Cape Verde: An Integration of Household Survey Data and Remote Sensing Imagery 2013. Master thesis Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Lisbon."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1645\/12-10.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-013-3682-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/85.3.257","article-title":"The kappa statistic in reliability studies: use, interpretation and simple size requirements","volume":"85","author":"Sim J","year":"2005","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.20699"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vcp.12282"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Clinical Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fvcp.12321","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vcp.12321","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T04:12:19Z","timestamp":1748751139000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/vcp.12321"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,14]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/vcp.12321"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/vcp.12321","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0275-6382","1939-165X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0275-6382"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1939-165X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2016-01-14","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}