{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T23:32:15Z","timestamp":1775345535736,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,3]],"date-time":"2016-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1462233600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007707","name":"University of California, Davis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007707","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Clinical Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CME<\/jats:styled-content>) is one of the most important tick\u2010borne diseases worldwide. Cytopenias have been observed in both acute (nonmyelosuppressive) and chronic (myelosuppressive)<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CME<\/jats:styled-content>; however, leukocyte abnormalities and indices have been incompletely described in dogs with acute<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CME<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aims of this study were to analyze temporal changes in differential leukocyte counts, leukocyte morphology, myeloperoxidase index (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MPXI<\/jats:styled-content>), and lobularity index (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LI<\/jats:styled-content>) in dogs with experimental and naturally occurring acute<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CME<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Differential leukocyte counts and morphology were evaluated in archived blood smears from 13 Beagle dogs experimentally infected with<jats:italic>Ehrlichia canis<\/jats:italic>and evaluated weekly for 42\u00a0days postinfection (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DPI<\/jats:styled-content>); 20 dogs with naturally occurring acute<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CME<\/jats:styled-content>also were evaluated.<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MPXI<\/jats:styled-content>and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LI<\/jats:styled-content>were obtained from<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADVIA<\/jats:styled-content>reports. Wilcoxon tests were used to assess changes over time; leukogram results in natural cases were assessed in comparison with reference intervals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In experimental dogs, significant decreases in neutrophil, monocyte, lymphocyte, and eosinophil counts, and a mild left shift occurred within 14<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DPI<\/jats:styled-content>. The<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MPXI<\/jats:styled-content>decreased significantly between 14 and 21<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DPI<\/jats:styled-content>and remained low, while<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LI<\/jats:styled-content>increased from 14 to 35<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DPI<\/jats:styled-content>. Lymphocyte counts rebounded at 21<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DPI<\/jats:styled-content>, normalizing total<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WBC<\/jats:styled-content>counts. Neutrophil toxicity was seen rarely, but reactive lymphocytes were observed frequently. Dogs with natural infection had variable patterns of leukocyte changes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Acute<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CME<\/jats:styled-content>is associated with several discrete quantitative and qualitative leukogram changes indicative of concurrent inflammation, antigenic stimulation, and stress. Changes in<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MPXI<\/jats:styled-content>and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LI<\/jats:styled-content>warrant further investigation in dogs with<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CME<\/jats:styled-content>and other diseases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vcp.12359","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,4]],"date-time":"2016-05-04T13:29:38Z","timestamp":1462368578000},"page":"281-290","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Quantitative and qualitative leukocyte abnormalities in dogs with experimental and naturally occurring acute canine monocytic ehrlichiosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Athena","family":"Gianopoulos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology School of Veterinary Medicine University of California\u2013Davis Davis CA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mathios E.","family":"Mylonakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Clinic of Companion Animals School of Veterinary Medicine Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Konstantina","family":"Theodorou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Clinic of Companion Animals School of Veterinary Medicine Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary M.","family":"Christopher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology School of Veterinary Medicine University of California\u2013Davis Davis CA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4377-0795-3.00028-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5326\/0400174"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2010.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2008.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2011.0728.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.141.14.360"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1985.186.04.355","article-title":"Clinical and hematologic findings in canine ehrlichiosis","volume":"186","author":"Kuehn NF","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","first-page":"181","article-title":"Canine ehrlichiosis: a retrospective study of 30 naturally occurring cases","volume":"16","author":"Troy GC","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","first-page":"615","article-title":"A retrospective study of 27 cases of naturally occurring canine ehrlichiosis","volume":"24","author":"Waddle JR","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","first-page":"327","article-title":"Haematological profiles in canine monocytic ehrlichiosis: a retrospective study of 31 spontaneous cases in Greece","volume":"164","author":"Tsachev I","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rev M\u00e9d V\u00e9t"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkt053"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-015-0798-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.1999.tb02178.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00580-008-0759-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2003.10.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-3-33"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-553X.2010.01227.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1622843","article-title":"Myeloperoxidase deficiency in dogs observed with the ADVIA120. 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