{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T10:52:00Z","timestamp":1780397520303,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,27]],"date-time":"2017-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1493251200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001458","name":"American Kennel Club Canine Health Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001458","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007904","name":"Texas A and M University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007904","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Clinical Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Biologic variability (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BV<\/jats:styled-content>) is one aspect of interpreting changes in biomarker concentrations known to be clinically important in people with cardiac disease, but it has not been adequately addressed in dogs so far.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of the study was to determine<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BV<\/jats:styled-content>of cardiac troponin I (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">cTnI<\/jats:styled-content>) in healthy dogs and dogs with 3 stages of myxomatous mitral valve disease (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMVD<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Healthy dogs and dogs with 3 stages of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMVD<\/jats:styled-content>were prospectively assigned to groups based on comprehensive clinical evaluation using current guidelines. Concentrations of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">cTnI<\/jats:styled-content>were measured hourly, daily, and weekly using standard and high\u2010sensitivity immunoassays. Within\u2010 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CV<jats:sub>I<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content>) and between\u2010subject (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CV<jats:sub>G<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content>) coefficients of variability, percent reference change value (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RCV<\/jats:styled-content>), and index of individuality (IoI) were calculated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>All 10 healthy dogs and 76\/112 (68%) of samples from 28<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMVD<\/jats:styled-content>dogs had<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">cTnI<\/jats:styled-content>concentrations below the limit of detection (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LOD<\/jats:styled-content>) using a standard sensitivity immunoassay. Only 49\/160 (31%) of healthy dog samples and no<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMVD<\/jats:styled-content>samples had<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">cTnI<\/jats:styled-content>below the high\u2010sensitivity immunoassay<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LOD<\/jats:styled-content>. Data analysis for the high\u2010sensitivity immunoassay revealed<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CV<jats:sub>I<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content>of 48.1%,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CV<jats:sub>G<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content>of 60.1%,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RCV<\/jats:styled-content>of 134.0%, and IoI of 0.804 in healthy dogs. In<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMVD<\/jats:styled-content>dogs,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CV<jats:sub>I<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content>was 39.6%,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CV<jats:sub>G<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content>was 80.7%,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RCV<\/jats:styled-content>was 110%, and IoI was 0.494. Of all<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMVD<\/jats:styled-content>dogs, those with Stage B2 had the lowest<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RCV<\/jats:styled-content>of 91%.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Biologic variability affects<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">cTnI<\/jats:styled-content>concentrations in healthy dogs and dogs with<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMVD<\/jats:styled-content>. Consideration of BV may be clinically relevant when monitoring individual changes in<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">cTnI<\/jats:styled-content>values, using high\u2010sensitivity immunoassays.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vcp.12495","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,27]],"date-time":"2017-04-27T22:08:45Z","timestamp":1493330925000},"page":"299-307","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Biologic variability of cardiac troponin I in healthy dogs and dogs with different stages of myxomatous mitral valve disease using standard and high\u2010sensitivity immunoassays"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Randolph L.","family":"Winter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Texas A&amp;M University College Station TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley B.","family":"Saunders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Texas A&amp;M University College Station TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonya G.","family":"Gordon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Texas A&amp;M University College Station TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew W.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Texas A&amp;M University College Station TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geoffrey T.","family":"Fosgate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Production Animal Studies University of Pretoria Onderstepoort South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan S.","family":"Suchodolski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrointestinal Laboratory College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Texas A&amp;M University College Station TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00f6rg M.","family":"Steiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrointestinal Laboratory College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Texas A&amp;M University College Station TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10408368909106595"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2008.107391"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2010.03.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvc.2012.01.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvc.2012.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12075"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2012.00894.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vcp.12278"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vcp.12268"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht530"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hfq210"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvc.2009.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2009.0392.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2000.tb02252.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1995.206.02.194","article-title":"Vertebral scale system to measure heart size in radiographs","volume":"206","author":"Buchanan JW","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2004.tb02551.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2009.00889.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/002367706776319042"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvc.2014.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/17.4.275"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvc.2009.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2010.00554.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2011.165795"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acvd.2014.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.13801"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vcp.12085"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4561","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/45.4.561","article-title":"Within\u2010 and between\u2010subject variation in commonly measured anthropometric and biochemical variables","volume":"45","author":"Widjaja A","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.08.969"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2423(09)49001-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2006.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","first-page":"45","article-title":"Statistical aspects of reference values in clinical pathology","volume":"8","author":"Harris EK","year":"1981","journal-title":"Prog Clin Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2010.04.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-165X.2012.00467.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-165X.2011.00360.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvc.2015.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","first-page":"549","article-title":"Chronic valvular disease in the cavalier King Charles Spaniels in Sweeden","volume":"131","author":"Haggstrom J","year":"1992","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2008.0150.x"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Clinical Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fvcp.12495","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vcp.12495","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,23]],"date-time":"2024-06-23T20:34:02Z","timestamp":1719174842000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/vcp.12495"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,27]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/vcp.12495"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/vcp.12495","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0275-6382","1939-165X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0275-6382","type":"print"},{"value":"1939-165X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2017-04-27","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}