{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]],"date-time":"2025-08-26T06:44:34Z","timestamp":1756190674563},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,13]],"date-time":"2017-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1505260800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine Resident Research Grant Program"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Clinical Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prepatent <jats:italic>Otostrongylus<\/jats:italic> arteritis results in hemorrhagic diathesis in free\u2010ranging Northern elephant seals (<jats:italic>Mirounga angustirostris<\/jats:italic>) attributed to aberrant larval migration of the lungworm, <jats:italic>Otostrongylus circumlitus<\/jats:italic>. Clinical signs are often nonspecific, including lethargy, anorexia, and blepharospasm, but can progress to spontaneous frank hemorrhage and death within 72\u00a0hours of onset. Previously published case reports describe coagulopathy with prolonged <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PT<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">APTT<\/jats:styled-content>, normal to elevated platelet counts, normal antithrombin concentrations, and low concentrations of fibrinogen degradation products. Disseminated intravascular coagulation was proposed as the cause of hemorrhage, but is inconsistent with some of the reported clinicopathologic changes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this study was to compare plasmatic coagulation and fibrinolysis in healthy and <jats:italic>Otostrongylus<\/jats:italic>\u2010affected elephant seals, in order to identify potential therapy. We hypothesized that hyperfibrinolysis contributed to hemorrhage in these cases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Citrated plasma samples were collected from 3\u2010 to 4\u2010month\u2010old Northern elephant seals in a wildlife rehabilitation hospital. The sampled population included 25 healthy, prerelease seals and 32 clinically ill seals diagnosed with presumptive <jats:italic>Otostrongylus<\/jats:italic> arteritis. Twenty\u2010one of the included seals had <jats:italic>Otostrongylus<\/jats:italic> infestation confirmed at necropsy. Standard coagulation tests and plasma thromboelastography were performed for a complete assessment of coagulation and fibrinolysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Northern elephant seals with definitive <jats:italic>Otostrongylu<\/jats:italic>s infestation were hypocoagulable and hypofibrinolytic compared to healthy controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Results were most consistent with disseminated intravascular coagulation. Treatment with antifibrinolytic drugs to control hemorrhage may be unrewarding; alternative therapies such as plasma transfusions or coagulation factor concentrates should be investigated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vcp.12540","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,13]],"date-time":"2017-09-13T17:52:36Z","timestamp":1505325156000},"page":"589-596","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Plasmatic coagulation and fibrinolysis in healthy and <i>Otostrongylus<\/i>\u2010affected Northern elephant seals (<i>Mirounga angustirostris<\/i>)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Sarrah","family":"Kaye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine Ithaca NY USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shawn","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Marine Mammal Center Sausalito CA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Rios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Marine Mammal Center Sausalito CA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel J.","family":"Fletcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine Ithaca NY USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-32.3.536"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"446","article-title":"Nematode (Otostrongylus circumlitus) infestation of Northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) stranded along the central California coast","volume":"13","author":"Gulland FM","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mar Ecol Prog Ser"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijlh.12221"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2009.07600.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1616068"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2015.02.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvc.2015.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1638\/2015-0138.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.157.5.1594"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.49.12.990"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2013.01.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-165X.2010.00263.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vec.12147"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vcp.12068"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MBC.0b013e32833464e9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MBC.0b013e32833464ce"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2011.03.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2011.02.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vec.12346"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2008.0061.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3292.2011.00338.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","unstructured":"PerrinKL KristensenAT KroghAH Gr\u00f8ndahlC BertelsonMF.Thromboelastography\u2010guided diagnosis and therapy in a case of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus hemorrhagic disease. 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