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A neurologic lesion was localized to the cerebellum and right brainstem. Cerebrospinal fluid (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSF<\/jats:styled-content>) analysis showed a markedly increased protein concentration and mixed pleocytosis, with eosinophil predominance (44%), intracytoplasmic inclusions within eosinophils, consistent with<jats:italic>Ehrlichia canis<\/jats:italic>(<jats:italic>E\u00a0canis<\/jats:italic>) morulae, and<jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>(<jats:italic>T\u00a0gondii<\/jats:italic>) or<jats:italic>Neospora caninum<\/jats:italic>(<jats:italic>N\u00a0caninum<\/jats:italic>) tachyzoites within eosinophils and monocytes. A serum indirect immunofluorescent antibody test was positive for<jats:italic>N caninum<\/jats:italic>(titer 1:12\u00a0800) and negative for<jats:italic>T\u00a0gondii<\/jats:italic>. Both blood and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSF PCR<\/jats:styled-content>results were<jats:italic>N\u00a0caninum\u2010<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>E\u00a0canis<\/jats:italic>\u2010positive and<jats:italic>T\u00a0gondii<\/jats:italic>\u2010 and<jats:italic>Anaplasma phagocytophilum<\/jats:italic>\u2010negative, and blood<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content>, but not<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSF PCR<\/jats:styled-content>, was<jats:italic>Hepatozoon canis\u2010<\/jats:italic>positive. The dog was treated for 30\u00a0days with clindamycin, sulfamethoxazole\u2010trimethoprim, doxycycline, prednisone, and cephalosporin, but did not improve neurologically, and was euthanized. Brain histopathology showed moderate multifocal, subacute meningoencephalitis with necrosis and gliosis. The neurologic disease was mostly attributed to central nervous system (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CNS<\/jats:styled-content>) neosporosis, with the possible contribution of ehrlichiosis, which was likely a manifestation of blood\u2010brain barrier disruption. Hepatozoonosis was probably a result or cause of underlying immunosuppression. To our knowledge, this is the first report of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CNS<\/jats:styled-content><jats:italic>N\u00a0caninum<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>E\u00a0canis<\/jats:italic>co\u2010infection detected by both<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSF PCR<\/jats:styled-content>and cytology and<jats:italic>E\u00a0canis<\/jats:italic>morulae identified within<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSF<\/jats:styled-content>eosinophils.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/vcp.12582","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,6]],"date-time":"2018-02-06T15:50:39Z","timestamp":1517932239000},"page":"289-293","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["<i>Neospora caninum<\/i>and<i>Ehrlichia canis<\/i>co\u2010infection in a dog with meningoencephalitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Itamar","family":"Aroch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Koret 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