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Cytologic evaluation showed cohesive to individualized, vacuolated spindled cells often arranged in a perivascular pattern. The mass was completely excised, and the histopathologic examination demonstrated sheets of vacuolated spindled to round cells expanding the full thickness of the dermis. The cells demonstrated both Iba1 and CD18 antibody binding, leading to an initial interpretation of histiocytic sarcoma. Given the discordance with the clinical presentation, further immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed. The cells demonstrated strong CD204 antibody binding and did not bind E\u2010cadherin antibody, consistent with\u00a0a dermal macrophage origin. Ki\u201067 antibody binding was regionally variable from &lt;5% to 25%, with more regions that had low Ki\u201067 expression. A fasted serum biochemistry panel revealed hypertriglyceridemia and persistent hypercholesterolemia. Based on clinical, microscopic, biochemical, and IHC results, the final interpretation was an indolent dermal histiocytic proliferation of macrophage origin, with a preference for cutaneous xanthoma or reactive dermal fibrohistiocytoma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/vcp.12804","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,25]],"date-time":"2019-11-25T05:00:26Z","timestamp":1574658026000},"page":"716-720","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Unique cytologic and histologic features of a suspected cutaneous xanthoma in a dog"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7583-5465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elise B.","family":"Russell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"U\u2010Vet Werribee Animal Hospital and Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences The University of Melbourne Werribee Vic. Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0947-3261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalie F.","family":"Courtman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U\u2010Vet Werribee Animal Hospital and Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences The University of Melbourne Werribee Vic. Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.2002.tb10838.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118828007"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0442.2005.00731.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","unstructured":"VitaleCB IhrkePJ GrossTL.Diet\u2010induced alterations in lipid metabolism and associated cutaneous xanthoma formation in 5 cats. 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