{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:23:56Z","timestamp":1787016236464,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,28]],"date-time":"2019-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2012\/19285\u20102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2012\/19285\u20102"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007626","name":"Universidad de Caldas","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["0987014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0987014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007626","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Clinical Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Canine transmissible venereal tumors (CTVTs) generally have different cytomorphologic subtypes and phases of progression. Some tumors have variable biologic behavior including a progressive increase in tumor aggressiveness and variable responses to chemotherapy. This behavior is partially due to high p\u2010glycoprotein expression by tumor cells, which leads to the expulsion of chemotherapeutic drugs. Other possible causes include changes in pro\u2010 and anti\u2010apoptotic genes from the\n                      <jats:italic>BCL\u20102<\/jats:italic>\n                      family and DNA repair systems, which are associated with the p53 gene family.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We aimed to determine the relative expression of the multi\u2010drug resistance 1 (\n                      <jats:italic>MDR1<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), p53, b\u2010cell lymphoma 2 (\n                      <jats:italic>BCL2<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), and bcl 2\u2010associated X (\n                      <jats:italic>BAX<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) genes in CTVT before and after therapy and establish a relationship with treatment responses, cytomorphologic patterns, and tumor progression identified with histopathology.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>RT\u2010qPCR was performed on 21 CTVT tumor samples before and after initiating chemotherapy to determine specific gene expression. Normal canine testicular tissue was used as a negative control for all experiments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>MDR1<\/jats:italic>\n                      expression was decreased before and after initiating vincristine therapy in CTVT tumor tissues compared with normal canine testicular tissue;\n                      <jats:italic>p53<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>BAX<\/jats:italic>\n                      were overexpressed at both time points compared with normal tissue, and no statistical differences were seen between the different morphologic types. However,\n                      <jats:italic>BAX<\/jats:italic>\n                      expression was decreased in the group with quick therapeutic responses but was still overexpressed compared with normal testicular tissue. In the group with the slowest chemotherapeutic responses,\n                      <jats:italic>BCL2<\/jats:italic>\n                      was overexpressed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The findings of this study showed a relative increase in\n                      <jats:italic>MDR1<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene expression in response to chemotherapy and higher expression in plasmacytoid CTVTs compared with the other cytomorphologic patterns.\n                      <jats:italic>BCL2<\/jats:italic>\n                      overexpression was related to a favorable prognosis, and\n                      <jats:italic>p53, BAX,<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>BCL2<\/jats:italic>\n                      were expressed independent of the cytomorphologic CTVT type. All of the genes were expressed independent of tumor progression, as noted on histopathology.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vcp.12805","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,28]],"date-time":"2019-11-28T03:43:29Z","timestamp":1574912609000},"page":"730-739","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The role of the multi\u2010drug resistance 1, p53, b cell lymphoma 2, and bcl 2\u2010associated X genes in the biologic behavior and chemotherapeutic resistance of canine transmissible venereal tumors"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Juliana M.","family":"Alzate","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Agricultural Sciences Veterinary Medicine Department Universidad de Pamplona Pamplona Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis M.","family":"Montoya\u2010Florez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Universidad Nacional de Colombia Bogot\u00e1 Colombia"},{"name":"Research Group in Veterinary Medicine and Husbandry \u2013 GIDIMEVETZ, Pedagogical and Technological University of Colombia Tunja Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge E.","family":"P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Basic Sciences Department Universidad de Caldas Manizales Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noeme S.","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Investigative and Comparative Pathology FMVZ\u2010UNESP Botucatu Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco J.","family":"Pedraza\u2010Ordonez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group in Veterinary Pathology Animal Health Department Universidad de Caldas 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