{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T02:07:34Z","timestamp":1747188454053,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,25]],"date-time":"2020-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585094400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":24,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Clinical Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>An 8\u2010year\u2010old neutered Beagle dog was presented with polyuria and polydipsia. Routine clinicopathologic testing showed a significant lymphocytosis and proteinuria. Lymphocytes were of small to intermediate in size with a mature morphology. Infectious disease screening was negative. PCR for antigen receptor gene rearrangements showed a clonal T\u2010cell receptor (TCR) rearrangement consistent with T\u2010cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Bone marrow cytology showed &lt;30% lymphocytes, while the proportion in splenic fine\u2010needle aspirate cytology was considered increased. The dog was initially monitored but started on prednisolone and chlorambucil therapy 2\u00a0months later due to worsening clinical signs and progressive lymphocytosis. After an additional 2\u00a0weeks, the dog developed multifocal spinal pain and single\u2010node lymphadenomegaly. Cytology of the lymph node showed a monomorphic population of large lymphoblasts consistent with lymphoma. Cytology of a cerebrospinal fluid sample also showed large lymphoblasts. PCR for antigen receptor gene rearrangement at both sites showed a clonal TCR rearrangement of the same molecular size as in the initial leukemic cells. The dog was diagnosed with a transformation of the CLL to Richter syndrome (RS) with involvement of the central nervous system (CNS). Therapy was started with L\u2010asparaginase and an increased dose of prednisolone; however, the dog was euthanized due to progressive clinical signs. To our knowledge, this is the first report of canine RS with direct involvement of the CNS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/vcp.12839","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,26]],"date-time":"2020-03-26T02:55:44Z","timestamp":1585191344000},"page":"147-152","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A case of T\u2010cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia progressing to Richter syndrome with central nervous system involvement in a dog"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2839-8087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth A.","family":"Conway","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine Small Animal Hospital College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elspeth 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