{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T15:37:24Z","timestamp":1791733044115,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,20]],"date-time":"2020-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589932800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015312","name":"Hill's Pet Nutrition","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R83361"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R83361"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015312","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Clinical Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Numerous studies in veterinary species have recently linked vitamin D status with nonskeletal health disorders. Previous studies have indicated that dogs cannot produce endogenous vitamin D via cutaneous production and rely solely on dietary intake of vitamin D. The seasonal variation of vitamin D seen in humans due to changes in ultraviolet (UV) exposure, therefore, is unlikely to be replicated in these animals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The objective of this study was to investigate the natural variation in 25\u2010hydroxyvitamin\u2010D concentrations in dogs subject to seasonal UV exposure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This longitudinal study followed 18 healthy dogs fed a standardized diet over 1\u00a0year, with blood samples obtained monthly. Two key vitamin D metabolites, 25\u2010hydroxyvitamin\u2010D<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and 25\u2010hydroxyvitamin\u2010D<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>, were assessed by liquid chromatography\u2010tandem mass spectrometry in serum samples. Various other biochemical parameters were also measured. Seasonality was assessed using cosinor statistical analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although the dogs were subject to seasonally varying UV radiation, 25\u2010hydroxyvitamin\u2010D and related biomarkers (including calcium and parathyroid hormone) remained stable over time and did not follow a seasonal pattern. 25\u2010hydroxyvitamin\u2010D was not positively correlated with exposure to UV radiation. Nonetheless, variation in 25\u2010hydroxyvitamin\u2010D concentrations between individual dogs was detected.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Given the standardization of diet, we concluded that the seasonal stability of 25\u2010hydroxyvitamin\u2010D concentration (vitamin D status) was likely a direct result of lack of cutaneous vitamin D production in this species and highlights the importance of dietary intake. The variation in 25\u2010hydroxyvitamin\u2010D concentration between animals warrants further investigation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vcp.12859","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,20]],"date-time":"2020-05-20T11:43:44Z","timestamp":1589975024000},"page":"279-291","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Vitamin D status is seasonally stable in northern European dogs"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3061-704X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emma A.","family":"Hurst","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies The University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie Z.","family":"Homer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mass Spectrometry Core Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility 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