{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]],"date-time":"2025-09-20T22:05:57Z","timestamp":1758405957562,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,22]],"date-time":"2021-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616371200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":21,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Clinical Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Macrophage\u2010like (ML) cells are rarely observed on blood smear examinations, and the significance of these cells has been poorly described.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The objective of this study was to retrospectively describe selected hematologic and clinical characteristics of dogs with ML cells in peripheral blood.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Complete blood count (CBC) reports with blood smear evaluations from the clinical pathology laboratory records at North Carolina University College of Veterinary Medicine were retrospectively reviewed. Data were collected over a 10\u2010year\u2010period. Dogs were defined as having circulating ML cells if three or more ML cells were present on a single blood smear. Hematologic and clinical data of dogs with circulating ML cells were compared with age\u2010matched hospital\u2010derived control dogs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 61,631 CBC records, 87 reports (0.14%) described the presence of ML cells. Thirty\u2010nine dogs met the inclusion criteria. The hemogram of dogs with circulating ML cells was characterized by a pronounced inflammatory and stress leukogram, anemia, and thrombocytopenia. Of the 39 dogs, 19 (49%) had systemic or severe localized inflammatory\/necrotic diseases. Eighteen (46%) dogs were diagnosed with neoplasia of histiocytic (5) and non\u2010histiocytic origins (13). Dogs with circulating ML cells had a shorter median survival time (34\u00a0days) than the control dogs (595\u00a0days<jats:italic>, P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.0001), with an increased occurrence of death\/euthanasia within 1\u00a0month (3.89\u2010fold). However, the presence of circulating ML cells was not found to be an independent prognostic factor in a multivariable model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The hemograms and diagnoses of dogs with ML cells suggest that severe inflammatory conditions or histiocytic and non\u2010histiocytic neoplasia are common causes for circulating ML cells.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vcp.12962","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,22]],"date-time":"2021-03-22T18:32:15Z","timestamp":1616437935000},"page":"37-44","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Hematologic and clinical characteristics of dogs with circulating macrophage\u2010like cells"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1520-0393","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Mochizuki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health and Pathobiology College of Veterinary Medicine North Carolina State University Raleigh NC USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4058-2995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Devorah M.","family":"Stowe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health and Pathobiology College of Veterinary Medicine North Carolina State University Raleigh NC USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2705"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"514","article-title":"From monocytes to M1\/M2 macrophages: phenotypical vs. functional differentiation","volume":"5","author":"Italiani P","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-032414-112220"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2005.03.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.shk.0000209520.82377.41"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2018.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.62.11.1514"},{"volume-title":"Veterinary Hematology: A Diagnostic Guide and Color Atlas","year":"2012","author":"Harvey JW","key":"e_1_2_7_9_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-165X.2008.00042.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985812451625"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1753425907087267"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres\/2010012"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Clinical Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vcp.12962","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/vcp.12962","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vcp.12962","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,2]],"date-time":"2023-09-02T00:20:40Z","timestamp":1693614040000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/vcp.12962"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/vcp.12962"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/vcp.12962","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0275-6382","1939-165X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0275-6382"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1939-165X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-04-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-08-21","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-03-22","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}