{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T13:31:39Z","timestamp":1791639099211,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,26]],"date-time":"2021-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635206400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007825","name":"American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Clinical Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Most dogs with primary hypoadrenocorticism (HA) have a mineralocorticoid deficiency, which decreases renal tubular sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion. Limited information is available concerning the clinical value of measuring urine electrolytes to aid in an HA diagnosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic utility of urine electrolyte measurements in dogs with HA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Urine sodium and potassium concentrations were measured in 89 dogs, including 39 dogs with HA and 50 controls with nonadrenal illness. Fractional excretions of sodium (FE<jats:sub>Na<\/jats:sub>) and potassium (FE<jats:sub>K<\/jats:sub>) were also calculated. Urine electrolytes and fractional excretion values were compared between the groups. Sensitivities and specificities were determined for various cut\u2010points.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The median urine sodium to potassium (Na:K) ratio was twofold greater (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001), and median FE<jats:sub>Na<\/jats:sub>was fourfold greater (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001) in HA dogs as compared with controls. However, no cut\u2010point for any variable with &gt;90% sensitivity or specificity provided a corresponding specificity or sensitivity of &gt;50%. When only dogs with abnormal serum or plasma electrolytes were included in the analyses, absolute urine electrolyte concentrations and FE<jats:sub>Na<\/jats:sub>were not different between study populations (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&gt;\u00a0.05 for all comparisons), but the FE<jats:sub>K<\/jats:sub>was increased (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.005) and the urine potassium:creatinine ratio was decreased (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001) in the control dogs compared with the dogs with HA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Urine electrolyte concentrations and fractional excretions are altered in dogs with HA. However, substantial overlap exists with control dogs with nonadrenal illness. Therefore, these values are unlikely to have diagnostic utility for dogs with HA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vcp.13018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,26]],"date-time":"2021-10-26T16:44:33Z","timestamp":1635266673000},"page":"507-514","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Evaluation of urine electrolytes for the diagnosis of hypoadrenocorticism in dogs"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Casey A.","family":"Dropkin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John M.","family":"Kruger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7726-6307","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel K.","family":"Langlois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"1825","volume-title":"Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine","author":"Hess RS","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1996.208.01.85","article-title":"Pretreatment clinical and laboratory findings in dogs with hypoadrenocorticism: 225 cases (1979\u20131993)","volume":"208","author":"Peterson ME","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.14589"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1992.53.05.716","article-title":"Duration of pituitary and adrenocortical suppression after long\u2010term administration of anti\u2010inflammatory doses of prednisone in dogs","volume":"53","author":"Moore GE","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2008.0118.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2007.tb01933.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12415"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2006.tb02896.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2011.00830.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.231.3.413"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","first-page":"63","article-title":"Canine hypoadrenocorticism: part I","volume":"51","author":"Klein SC","year":"2010","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","first-page":"59","article-title":"Canine hypoadrenocorticism: report of 37 cases and review of 39 previously reported cases","volume":"180","author":"Willard MD","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4377-0654-3.00010-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4377-0654-3.00012-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12243"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.12792"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15454"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1074248413497257"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1993.202.03.392","article-title":"Efficacy of microcrystalline desoxycorticosterone pivalate for treatment of hypoadrenocorticism in dogs. 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