{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T16:16:02Z","timestamp":1789920962533,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,10]],"date-time":"2022-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652140800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013664","name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013664","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Clinical Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The diagnosis of neoplastic cavitary effusions requires the identification of neoplastic cells in effusions, yet the cytologic appearance of neoplastic effusions can be highly variable due to the varied mechanisms of formation. Additional parameters might aid in the interpretation of equivocal cytologic results.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our goal was to evaluate whether total protein concentrations can be used to support the diagnosis of neoplasia in the peritoneal and pleural effusions of dogs with lower cellularities (\u22645000 nucleated cells\/\u03bcL).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pleural and peritoneal fluid analyses from dogs presented to the University of Illinois Veterinary Teaching Hospital between 2014 and 2019 were evaluated retrospectively. Effusions were categorized as neoplastic or non\u2010neoplastic based on histology or cytology. Non\u2010neoplastic effusions were subcategorized according to mechanism: decreased oncotic pressure, increased hydrostatic pressure, increased vascular permeability, leakage of urine, and leakage of lymph. The TP and blood albumin to fluid TP ratio (Alb<jats:sub>blood<\/jats:sub>:TP<jats:sub>fluid<\/jats:sub>) were compared among groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010seven neoplastic and 65 non\u2010neoplastic cases were evaluated. TP was higher in the neoplastic group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.001) than in the non\u2010neoplastic group. Neoplastic effusions had a lower Alb<jats:sub>blood<\/jats:sub>:TP<jats:sub>fluid<\/jats:sub> than non\u2010neoplastic (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.001), and effusions with Alb<jats:sub>blood<\/jats:sub>:TP<jats:sub>fluid<\/jats:sub> of \u22640.6 were 5.6 times more likely to be neoplastic (95% CI 1.69\u201317.36; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.003).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fluid TP concentrations were significantly greater in neoplastic than non\u2010neoplastic effusions; however, given the considerable overlap between groups, the diagnostic utility of this difference is low. A neoplastic etiology might be more likely in cases with an Alb<jats:sub>blood<\/jats:sub>:TP<jats:sub>fluid<\/jats:sub> \u22640.6.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vcp.13122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,11]],"date-time":"2022-05-11T04:29:42Z","timestamp":1652243382000},"page":"391-397","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Total protein concentration as a predictor of neoplastic peritoneal and pleural effusions of dogs"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0676-8833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashley L.","family":"Parsley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine North Carolina State University  Raleigh North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4312-3225","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amy N.","family":"Schnelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Illinois  Urbana Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erika J.","family":"Gruber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine North Carolina State University  Raleigh North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William E.","family":"Sander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Illinois  Urbana Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7539-357X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne M.","family":"Barger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Illinois  Urbana Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"831","volume-title":"Fundamentals of Veterinary Clinical Pathology","author":"Stockham SL","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1892\/0891-6640(2000)014<0613:sagidw>2.3.co;2"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","first-page":"140","article-title":"The cytologic examination of body cavity fluids","volume":"3","author":"O'Brien PJ","year":"1988","journal-title":"Semin Vet Med Surg Small 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