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At presentation, the dog showed severe cervical spinal pain and thoracic limb deficits consistent with a multifocal neuroanatomic localization. Magnetic resonance imaging of the cervical spine revealed T2 and T1 postcontrast intense signal extending from the level of the medulla through C5 most marked in the caudal brainstem and cranial cervical spinal cord. The suspected diagnosis was severe meningoencephalomyelitis and secondary edema. Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collected from the cerebellomedullary cistern revealed a marked mixed pleocytosis with intralesional structures morphologically consistent with<jats:italic>Mycobacterium<\/jats:italic>sp. Standard DNA PCR assay performed on the CSF yielded the presence of<jats:italic>Mycobacterium haemophilum<\/jats:italic>. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of CNS mycobacteriosis diagnosed on CSF analysis in a dog.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/vcp.13206","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,18]],"date-time":"2023-03-18T02:38:48Z","timestamp":1679107128000},"page":"295-298","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<i>Mycobacterium haemophilum<\/i>infection in canine cerebrospinal fluid"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4923-5954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kara M.","family":"De\u00a0New","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Missouri Columbia Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joan R.","family":"Coates","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Missouri Columbia Missouri 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