{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T06:20:11Z","timestamp":1781590811157,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]],"date-time":"2024-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715299200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005878","name":"Terveyden Tutkimuksen Toimikunta","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["338469"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["338469"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005878","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Clinical Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Procalcitonin (PCT) is a useful biomarker in humans in the identification of bacterial respiratory infections.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to investigate the utility of serum PCT measurements as a diagnostic biomarker in canine bacterial lower respiratory tract diseases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>PCT concentrations were measured in serum samples with an ELISA method previously validated for dogs. All dogs underwent thorough clinical examinations, and the diagnosis of respiratory disease was based on clinical and laboratory findings, diagnostic imaging, as well as cytology and bacterial culture of respiratory samples. PCT concentrations between different cohorts of dogs were compared with an ANOVA\u2010model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sixty\u2010two privately owned dogs with respiratory diseases, 25 with bacterial pneumonia (BP), 17 with bacterial bronchitis caused by <jats:italic>Bordetella bronchiseptica<\/jats:italic> (BB), and 20 with chronic bronchitis (CB) as well as 44 healthy controls were included in the study. Serum PCT concentrations in dogs with bacterial respiratory diseases (BP mean 51.8\u2009ng\/L\u2009\u00b1\u2009standard deviation [SD] 40.6\u2009ng\/L and BB mean 61.4\u2009ng\/L\u2009\u00b1\u2009SD 35.3\u2009ng\/L) were not significantly different when compared with dogs with a non\u2010bacterial respiratory disease (CB mean 89.7\u2009\u00b1\u2009SD 73.5\u2009ng\/L) or healthy dogs (mean 51.0\u2009ng\/L\u2009\u00b1\u2009SD 37.5\u2009ng\/L, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u2009.05 in all comparisons).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These results indicate that despite being a valuable diagnostic, prognostic, and follow\u2010up marker in humans with pneumonia, serum PCT concentrations are not elevated in dogs with bacterial respiratory diseases and, therefore, cannot be used as a diagnostic biomarker in dogs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vcp.13353","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,11]],"date-time":"2024-05-11T03:04:10Z","timestamp":1715396650000},"page":"273-279","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Serum procalcitonin as a diagnostic biomarker in dogs with bacterial respiratory diseases"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"N.","family":"Koho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Helsinki  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. M.","family":"Rajam\u00e4ki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Helsinki  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1208-5799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S. J.","family":"Viitanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Helsinki  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2019.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/20734735.0258-2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.86.1.396"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-021444"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-8981(02)00101-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2003-0854"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)90277-N"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2015.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hfr177"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","first-page":"225","article-title":"Diagnostic and prognostic power of biomarkers to improve the management of community acquired pneumonia in the emergency department","volume":"32","author":"Juli\u00e1n\u2010Jim\u00e9nez A","year":"2013","journal-title":"Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/cc10087"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)15591-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ebch.1927"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","volume-title":"FDA Clears Test to Help Manage Antibiotic Treatment for Lower Respiratory Tract Infections and Sepsis","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","volume-title":"Clinical Considerations for Procalcitonin\u2010Guided Evaluation and Management of Lower Respiratory Tract Infections and Sepsis","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vetreco-2017-000255"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15711"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-018-1427-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vcp.12150"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.72.5.694"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2009.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12262"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2000.tb02272.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","first-page":"S49","article-title":"Limit of blank, limit of detection and limit of quantitation","volume":"29","author":"Armbruster DA","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Biochem Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2009.08.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.14627"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","first-page":"271","article-title":"Comparison of clinical and inflammatory parameters in dogs with pyometra before and after ovariohysterectomy","volume":"85","author":"Ahn S","year":"2021","journal-title":"Can J Vet Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2019.00208"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vcp.13212"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","unstructured":"JRompfJR Lutz1B MartiE et\u00a0al.Biological variation of plasma procalcitonin in clinically healthy dogs. In:Proceedings of the ECVIM\u2010CA online congress.2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.20333"},{"issue":"540","key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","first-page":"555","article-title":"Procalcitonin versus C\u2010reactive protein for predicting pneumonia in adults with lower respiratory tract infection in primary care","volume":"57","author":"Holm A","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Gen Pract"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2019.306787"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-022-06956-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.11-1446"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix317"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Clinical Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vcp.13353","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,17]],"date-time":"2024-06-17T02:57:05Z","timestamp":1718593025000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/vcp.13353"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/vcp.13353"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/vcp.13353","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0275-6382","1939-165X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0275-6382","type":"print"},{"value":"1939-165X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-10-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-04-02","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-05-10","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}