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We report a case of a 3\u2010year\u2010old pregnant Bernese Mountain Dog diagnosed with multicentric aggressive unclassified hematopoietic cancer associated with paraneoplastic hypercalcemia during pregnancy. The dog died 7\u2009days after diagnosis, and at Day 36 of pregnancy before any treatment decision could be made. Post\u2010mortem evaluation, including histology, immunohistochemistry, and clonality analysis, led to the diagnosis of an unclassified hematopoietic cancer affecting the uterus and placenta, with no evidence of fetal involvement. The placenta likely acted as a barrier, preventing neoplastic involvement of the fetuses. Alternatively, the pregnancy might have been too early for the hematopoietic neoplasm to affect the labyrinth zone of the placenta and the fetuses. The dramatic disease progression could be explained by compromised cell\u2010mediated immunity during pregnancy. This immunodeficient state is induced by embryonic, maternal, and hormonal factors, which suppress the response to mitogens to prevent rejection of the placenta and the conceptuses. Thus, pregnant dogs might exhibit increased vulnerability to cancer and infectious diseases that rely on cell\u2010mediated immunity for host defense.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/vcp.13394","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,10]],"date-time":"2024-10-10T14:03:50Z","timestamp":1728569030000},"page":"442-447","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multicentric aggressive unclassified hematopoietic neoplasm involving the placenta in a pregnant bitch"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7843-615X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Marconato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna  Bologna 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