{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T17:49:27Z","timestamp":1770745767513,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]],"date-time":"2024-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Clinical Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>In dogs, simplified Light's criteria can discriminate transudates from exudates. Other tests used in human medicine are pleural effusion cholesterol (CHOL<jats:sub>PE<\/jats:sub>) and butyrylcholinesterase [BChE<jats:sub>PE<\/jats:sub>], the pleural effusion\/serum ratio of these analytes (CHOL<jats:sub>ratio<\/jats:sub> and BChE<jats:sub>ratio<\/jats:sub>), and the serum albumin minus pleural effusion albumin gradient (SEAG).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>We aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracies of different biomarkers in dogs with pleural effusion in differentiating exudates from transudates. Secondarily, we evaluated the potential diagnostic utility of pleural effusion acute phase proteins, amylase, and adenosine deaminase in discriminating causes of exudative effusions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cross\u2010sectional study including 68 client\u2010owned dogs with pleural effusion.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were 48 exudates (10 septic, 16 neoplastic, 9 hemorrhagic, and 13 classified as other exudates) and 20 transudates. All the variables analyzed, except SEAG, were significantly different between exudates and transudates. Using the cut\u2010off values adopted in human literature, accuracies for CHOL<jats:sub>PE<\/jats:sub>, CHOL<jats:sub>ratio<\/jats:sub>, BChE<jats:sub>PE<\/jats:sub>, and BChE<jats:sub>ratio<\/jats:sub> were between 82.35% and 85.29%; all values were significantly lower compared with the previously published simplified Light's criteria accuracy (i.e., 98%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001 for all comparisons). We found the accuracy of the simplified Light's criteria to be similar to what has been previously reported (95.59%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.238). Paraoxonase\u20131 (PON\u20131<jats:sub>PE<\/jats:sub>) activity and the pleural effusion\/serum paraoxonase\u20101 ratio (PON\u20131<jats:sub>ratio<\/jats:sub>) were significantly lower in exudative neoplastic effusions than in exudative hemorrhagic (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.004 and <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.001) and septic (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.004 and <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001) effusions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Simplified Light's criteria were the best method for discriminating transudates from exudates, and a low PON\u20131<jats:sub>PE<\/jats:sub> activity and PON\u20131<jats:sub>ratio<\/jats:sub> in exudative effusions may suggest an underlying neoplasia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vcp.13395","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,22]],"date-time":"2024-10-22T05:50:29Z","timestamp":1729576229000},"page":"431-441","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["New strategies to classify canine pleural effusions and the diagnostic value of acute phase proteins, amylase, and adenosine deaminase in pleural exudates"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3592-0360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Zoia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Internal Medicine San Marco Veterinary Clinic  Veggiano (PD) Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Morini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Internal Medicine San Marco Veterinary Clinic  Veggiano (PD) Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Mazzei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Internal Medicine San Marco Veterinary Clinic  Veggiano (PD) Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Talavera Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery University of Murcia  Murcia Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Pardo\u2010Mar\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery University of Murcia  Murcia Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. J.","family":"Cer\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis University of Murcia  Murcia Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7635-533X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F.","family":"Tecles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery University of Murcia  Murcia Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-77-4-507"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"1211","article-title":"Diagnostic approach to pleural effusion in adults","volume":"73","author":"Porcel JM","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am Fam 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