{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T14:58:14Z","timestamp":1774277894626,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,2]],"date-time":"2025-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738454400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000936","name":"Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["11354"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11354"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000936","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016766","name":"New Venture Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["013394"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["013394"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016766","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Clinical Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>As obligate scavengers, New World vultures (Cathartiformes: Cathartidae) play a key role in carcass removal and disease control. Associated with this ecosystem service, vultures are exposed to the consumption of harmful substances such as poisons, heavy metals, antibiotics, or non\u2010steroidal anti\u2010inflammatory drugs. Monitoring the health status of vulture populations is a priority and an important conservation strategy, and hematologic analysis is a practical and effective method that can be useful for this purpose.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Report hematologic reference intervals in free\u2010living King vultures (<jats:italic>Sarcoramphus papa<\/jats:italic>), one of the least studied New World vulture species.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Red blood cell concentration, packed cell volume, hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, MCV, MCH, MCHC, WBC concentration, differential count and absolute WBC concentration, heterophil to lymphocyte ratio, and total protein concentration were determined. We used a non\u2010parametric method to calculate the reference intervals. In addition, we compared our results with the hematologic measurands reported for the Black vulture (<jats:italic>Coragyps atratus<\/jats:italic>), the Andean condor (<jats:italic>Vultur gryphus<\/jats:italic>) and the California condor (<jats:italic>Gymnogyps californianus<\/jats:italic>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>With the exception of Hb, monocyte, basophil, and eosinophil concentrations, the mean hematologic measurands observed in the King vulture were similar to those recorded for the other New World vulture species, and the heterophil to lymphocyte ratio was lower in the King vulture compared to the Black vulture.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, we have reported for the first time the hematologic reference intervals in a free\u2010living population of King vultures in Costa Rica. Future research should consider comparison among free\u2010living New World vulture species.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vcp.13415","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,2]],"date-time":"2025-02-02T23:44:17Z","timestamp":1738539857000},"page":"64-69","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Determination of hematologic reference intervals for free\u2010living King vultures (<i>Sarcoramphus papa<\/i>)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1514-5897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enzo","family":"Basso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"OSA Conservation  Washington DC USA"},{"name":"Bird Ecology Lab Instituto De Ciencias Marinas Y Limnol\u00f3gicas, Facultad De Ciencias, Universidad Austral De Chile  Valdivia Chile"},{"name":"Centro de Humedales R\u00edo Cruces Universidad Austral De Chile  Valdivia Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diego Rolim","family":"Chulla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"OSA Conservation  Washington DC USA"},{"name":"Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia Universidad Nacional Amaz\u00f3nica De Madre De Dios  Madre de Dios Peru"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Tubelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"OSA Conservation  Washington DC USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Wicks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"OSA Conservation  Washington DC USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eleanor","family":"Flatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"OSA Conservation  Washington DC USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Beirne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"OSA Conservation  Washington DC USA"},{"name":"Centre for Ecology and Conservation University Of Exeter  Penryn UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Whitworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"OSA Conservation  Washington DC USA"},{"name":"Department of Biology, Center for Energy, Environment, and Sustainability Wake Forest University  Winston\u2010Salem USA"},{"name":"Institute Of Biodiversity, Animal Health And Comparative Medicine, College Of Medical, Veterinary And Life Sciences, University Of Glasgow  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","volume-title":"Vultures of the World: Essential Ecology and Conservation","author":"Bildstein KL","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2018.08.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2022.109563"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0015350"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-9-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3356\/0892-1016-55.2.137"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3356\/JRR-21-83"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2173\/bow.kinvul1.01"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","unstructured":"Sarcoramphus papa. 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