{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T15:29:18Z","timestamp":1784820558124,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768521600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768521600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001458","name":"American Kennel Club Canine Health Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2987"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2987"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001458","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Clinical Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Assessment of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in cytologic smears is used as a phenotyping tool for hematopoietic and solid tissue neoplasms in dogs. Different procedures that vary in substrate\u2010dye combinations, fixative, incubation times, and nuclear counterstains are available for detection of ALP activity. It is unknown if these procedures provide comparable results for phenotyping tumors in the same animal.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare results obtained with three ALP cytochemical procedures in blasts in blood and tissue aspirate smears from dogs with previously diagnosed leukemia: naphthol\u2010AS\u2010MX phosphate\/fast blue (fast blue), 5\u2010bromo\u20104\u2010chloro\u20103\u2010indoxyl\u2010phosphate\/nitroblue tetrazolium (BCIP\/NBT), and naphthol\u2010AS\u2010BI\u2010phosphate\/fast red violet LB (fast red).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Smears of blood, bone marrow, and lymph node from 54 dogs prospectively enrolled in a multi\u2010institutional study on acute leukemia were stained and assessed. One observer counted the percentage of positive blasts and quantified staining intensity on a scale of 1\u20133. Cases were classified as acute myeloid leukemia, lymphoblastic leukemia\/lymphoma, acute leukemia of ambiguous lineage, or acute lineage\u2010negative leukemia based on flow cytometric analysis and myeloperoxidase cytochemical staining.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The fast blue procedure yielded a significantly higher median percentage of ALP\u2010positive blasts (48%) than the BCIP\/NBT (46%) or fast red (42%) procedure despite similar median staining intensities. The proportion of samples that would have been classified as ALP\u2010positive was similar (40\/54 fast blue, 39\/54 BCIP\/NBT, and 37\/54 fast red).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our results indicate that the three procedures can be used interchangeably for determining ALP activity in blasts of dogs with leukemia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vcp.70090","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T04:34:43Z","timestamp":1768624483000},"page":"81-89","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Comparison of Three Procedures for Cytochemical Detection of Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase Activity in Dogs With Leukemia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Tracy","family":"Stokol","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University  Ithaca New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alaina M.","family":"Kosko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University  Ithaca New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2301-2931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dorothee","family":"Bienzle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph  Guelph Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8982-2697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristina","family":"Meichner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia  Athens Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nora L.","family":"Springer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee  Knoxville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Byron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University  Ithaca New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martha","family":"Hoffman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University  Ithaca New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vcp.12227"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vcp.12389"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1354\/vp.42-2-161"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-165X.2012.00445.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vcp.13250"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","first-page":"1141","volume-title":"Schalm's Veterinary Hematology","author":"Raskin R. 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