{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T10:00:34Z","timestamp":1785060034783,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785024000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785024000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Clinical Pathol"],"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n The edible insect industry, driven by the nutritional and environmental benefits of mealworms, faces increasing challenges from pathogens affecting\n \n Tenebrio molitor<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n farming systems. Hemocyte\u2010based health assessments could provide valuable diagnostic insights, yet standardized hemolymph processing protocols and hematological reference intervals (RIs) are currently lacking for this species.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n \n This study aimed to develop practical protocols for hemolymph sampling, refine hemocyte classification, and establish hematological RIs for both larval and adult stages of\n \n T. molitor<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n An optimized tearing method, involving capillary collection of hemolymph from a proleg transected at the femoral\u2010tibial joint, was used to sample healthy individuals. Total and differential hemocyte counts were determined using a hemocytometer and Wright\u2010Giemsa\u2013stained smears, respectively, and from distinct insect populations (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200941\u201343 samples per group). Hemolymph was analyzed in pools due to the small size of\n \n T. molitor<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n . Transmission electron microscopy was conducted on a multinucleated giant hemocyte (MGH) isolated from a histologic slide. RIs were calculated following American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology (ASVCP) guidelines, and life\u2010stage differences were statistically assessed.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Granular cells and plasmatocytes predominated, whereas prohemocytes and oenocytoids were rare. MGHs, newly identified in\n \n T. molitor<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n , were characterized as a fifth hemocyte population. Significant life\u2010stage differences were observed, warranting separate RIs for larvae and adults. The established RIs were relatively wide, reflecting natural fluctuations in invertebrate hemolymph volume and the unsexed, age\u2010diverse reference population.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n This report of hematological RIs for\n \n T. molitor<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n lays the groundwork for implementing hemocyte\u2010based health surveillance in yellow mealworm beetle farming.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vcp.70116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T09:29:18Z","timestamp":1785058158000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Life\u2010Stage\u2013Specific Hematological Profiles in Yellow Mealworm Beetles (\n Tenebrio molitor<\/i>\n ): Reference Intervals and Hemocyte Characterization"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9189-9473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon","family":"Maheu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de pathologie et microbiologie, Centre de diagnostic v\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire de l'Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Centre de recherche en infectiologie porcine et avicole and Groupe de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses en production animale, Facult\u00e9 de m\u00e9decine v\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al Saint\u2010Hyacinthe Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-8886-5292","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Houda","family":"Ben\u2010Miled","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de pathologie et microbiologie, Centre de diagnostic v\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire de l'Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Centre de recherche en infectiologie porcine et avicole and Groupe de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses en production animale, Facult\u00e9 de m\u00e9decine v\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al Saint\u2010Hyacinthe Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1958-1407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominique","family":"Marullo\u2010Masson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de pathologie et microbiologie, Centre de diagnostic v\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire de l'Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Centre de recherche en infectiologie porcine et avicole and Groupe de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses en production animale, Facult\u00e9 de m\u00e9decine v\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al Saint\u2010Hyacinthe Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6243-3184","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Colin","family":"Favret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de sciences biologiques, Facult\u00e9 des arts et des sciences Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al Montr\u00e9al Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolyn","family":"Gara\u2010Boivin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Altasciences Preclinical Laval Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0244-1179","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie\u2010Odile","family":"Benoit\u2010Biancamano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de pathologie et microbiologie, Centre de diagnostic v\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire de l'Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Centre de recherche en infectiologie porcine et avicole and Groupe de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses en production animale, Facult\u00e9 de m\u00e9decine v\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al Saint\u2010Hyacinthe Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","volume-title":"EDIBLE INSECTS Future Prospects for Food and Feed Security","author":"Van Huis 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