{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T19:51:20Z","timestamp":1792612280985,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":56,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Clinical Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A 10\u2010year\u2010old spayed female Shih Tzu was evaluated for a gallbladder mass incidentally identified during a diagnostic workup for hyperadrenocorticism and persistent hypercalcemia. Diagnostic imaging revealed a vascularized intraluminal gallbladder mass, and cytologic examination showed cohesive clusters of epithelial cells with distinct intercellular junctions, magenta cytoplasmic stippling, and marked pleomorphism, raising suspicion for a neuroendocrine carcinoma. Cholecystectomy was performed with tissues submitted for histopathology and immunohistochemistry (IHC), which confirmed a diagnosis of gallbladder neuroendocrine carcinoma (GB\u2010NEC) with hepatic and vascular invasion. The tumor exhibited diffuse positive immunolabeling for synaptophysin, chromogranin A, neuron\u2010specific enolase, and insulinoma\u2010associated protein 1 (INSM\u20101), consistent with neuroendocrine differentiation. However, no appreciable immunolabeling for gastrin, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and parathyroid hormone (PTH) was observed. This case illustrates an uncommon cytologic presentation of GB\u2010NEC in dogs and suggests a potential association between neuroendocrine tumors and multiple endocrinopathies. The findings support the utility of INSM\u20101 as a broad\u2010spectrum marker for canine neuroendocrine tumors and underscore the need for further investigation into the hormonal activity and clinical variability of GB\u2010NEC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/vcp.70123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T01:10:10Z","timestamp":1785201010000},"page":"254-261","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cytologic, Clinicopathologic, and Histologic Findings in a Dog with a Gallbladder Neuroendocrine Carcinoma and Multiple Endocrinopathies"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0853-3994","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sam","family":"Wicker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Tennessee  Knoxville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexis","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Tennessee  Knoxville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shelly","family":"Olin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Tennessee  Knoxville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Bevelock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Tennessee  Knoxville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Constance","family":"Fazio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Tennessee  Knoxville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1520-0393","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Mochizuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Tennessee  Knoxville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vcp.12958"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939\u2010165x.2012.00473.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15929"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2011.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748\u20105827.2005.tb00282.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.16143"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939\u20101676.2010.0559.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748\u20105827.2001.tb02007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/his.1979.2.3.102"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11259\u2010008\u20109151\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.235.11.1326"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1354\/vp.39\u20106\u2010756"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1040638720978172"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vcp.13262"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1988.192.07.926"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci11080371"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cyt.12239"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","volume-title":"World Health Organization Histological Classification of Tumors of the Endocrine System of Domestic Animals. 2nd Series","author":"Kiupel M.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/104063870802000322"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","first-page":"210","article-title":"Investigating the Sudden Death of a Dog","volume":"51","author":"Harms N. J.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Canadian Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03009858241279127"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2003.10660"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2008.12.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2022.12.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI158497"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16213615"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14192883"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Clinical Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vcp.70123","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/vcp.70123","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vcp.70123","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T19:35:15Z","timestamp":1792611315000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/vcp.70123"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/vcp.70123"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/vcp.70123","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0275-6382","1939-165X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0275-6382","type":"print"},{"value":"1939-165X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-08-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-15","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-27","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}