{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T19:23:29Z","timestamp":1789759409575,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785888000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Clinical Pathol"],"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n Protein electrophoresis (\n EPH<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) is a valuable diagnostic tool in veterinary medicine, particularly in non\u2010mammalian species where albumin measurement has historically been considered inaccurate by routine biochemistry analyzers. Physiologic processes such as egg\u2010laying result in altered protein production, presenting a challenge in differentiating physiologic from pathologic processes on\n EPH<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n \n We aimed to evaluate differences in total protein and protein fraction concentrations, as determined by the Biuret method and capillary zone electrophoresis (\n CZE<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), respectively, between non\u2010laying and egg\u2010laying healthy female chickens (\n \n Gallus gallus<\/jats:styled-content>\n domesticus\n <\/jats:italic>\n ).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Blood was obtained from 24 healthy female chickens consisting of 12 Red Star and 12 Cornish Cross breeds, 36 and 14\u2009months old, respectively. Plasma protein electrophoresis was performed on heparinized plasma on the Sebia\n MINICAP<\/jats:styled-content>\n instrument. Median results for total protein and each protein fraction between non\u2010layers and layers were compared with the Mann\u2013Whitney test.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Layers had significantly higher total protein (median 5.2 vs. 4.7\u2009g\/\n dL<\/jats:styled-content>\n ;\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.0015), prealbumin fraction (1.7 vs. 0.2\u2009g\/\n dL<\/jats:styled-content>\n ;\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.0001), and A\/G ratio (1.15 vs. 0.8;\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.0012). Layers had significantly lower albumin (1.15 vs. 1.7\u2009g\/\n dL<\/jats:styled-content>\n ;\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.0005) and alpha\u20102 globulins (0.1 vs. 0.2\u2009g\/\n dL<\/jats:styled-content>\n ;\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.0003). The Cornish Cross had the lowest prealbumin concentration (0.9\u2009g\/\n dL<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) of layers, while the Red Stars had the highest prealbumin concentrations (0.5, 0.6\u2009g\/\n dL<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) of non\u2010layers.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n Egg\u2010laying in chickens is characterized by a higher total protein due to an increased prealbumin fraction, as determined by\n CZE<\/jats:styled-content>\n , with breed differences noted. It is important to recognize these physiologic differences when interpreting\n EPH<\/jats:styled-content>\n from laying chickens.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vcp.70135","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T08:14:53Z","timestamp":1785917693000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Comparison of Plasma Protein Fractions and Electrophoretograms in Non\u2010Laying and Egg\u2010Laying Domestic Chickens"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"given":"Jared S.","family":"Zion","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine Ithaca New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"de Matos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine Ithaca New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Belcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Health Diagnostic Center Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine Ithaca New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1990-8089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashleigh W.","family":"Newman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine Ithaca New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"14","article-title":"Invalid Measurement of Plasma Albumin Using Bromcresol Green Methodology in Penguins (Spheniscus Species)","volume":"25","author":"Cray C.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Source: Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/labmed\/lmy020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vcp.70015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vcp.13067"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/JAVMA.257.2.196"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0021\u20109258(18)50956\u2010x"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1647\/2014-046","article-title":"Comparison of Serum Protein Electrophoresis Values in Wild and Captive Whooping Cranes (\n Grus americana\n )","volume":"29","author":"Hausmann J. C.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","first-page":"309","article-title":"The Differences in Plasma Protein Pattern Between Laying and Non\u2010Laying Chickens, Quails and Geese","volume":"80","author":"Kurye J.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Biochemistry & Physiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917\u2010019\u20102022\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/0090\u20103558\u201045.3.661"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/S1094-9194(17)30114-7","article-title":"The Diagnostic Utility of Serum Protein Electrophoresis","volume":"2","author":"Werner L. L.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Veterinary Clinics of North America. Exotic Animal Practice"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","first-page":"4","article-title":"Applications of Protein Electrophoresis in Avian Diagnostics","volume":"12","author":"Cray C.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Source: Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vcp.70066"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1647\/AVIANMS\u2010D\u201024\u201000049"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","first-page":"99","article-title":"Plasma Protein Electrophoresis in Birds: Comparison of a Semiautomated Agarose Gel System With an Automated Capillary System","volume":"27","author":"Roman Y.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Source: Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0501115","article-title":"Chicken Serum Proteins: A Comparison of Electrophoretic Techniques and Localization of Transferrin","volume":"50","author":"Torres\u2010Medina A.","year":"1971","journal-title":"Poultry Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1647\/2010\u2010019.1"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2005.66.375","article-title":"Assessment of the Reliability of Plasma Electrophoresis in Birds","volume":"66","author":"Rosenthal K. L.","year":"2005","journal-title":"AJVR"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2014\u20108592"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/81.6.892"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.13092"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118911075.ch19","volume-title":"Backyard Poultry Medicine and Surgery: A Guide for Veterinary Practitioners","author":"Crespo R.","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939\u2010165X.2007.tb00184.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/vmi\/4135744"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03079459708419260"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/110.2.248","article-title":"Capillary Zone Electrophoresis in the Evaluation of Serum Protein Abnormalities","volume":"110","author":"Keren D. F.","year":"1998","journal-title":"American Journal of Clinical Pathology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s\u20100041\u20101730878"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.200500410"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)36727-4","article-title":"Vitamin A Transport in Chicken Plasma: Isolation and Characterization of Retinol\u2010Binding Protein (RBP), Prealbumin (PA), and RBP\u2010PA Complex","volume":"16","author":"Abe T.","year":"1975","journal-title":"Journal of Lipid Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2024.103453"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0305\u20100491(94)90089\u20102"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/81.1.112","article-title":"Identification of Ovotransferrin as an Acute Phase Protein in Chickens 1","volume":"81","author":"Xie H.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Poultry Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/03008200109016840"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.06.006"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1097\/00041433-199504000-00006","article-title":"Yolk Precursor Transporter in Laying Hen","volume":"6","author":"Schneider W. J.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Lipidology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104\u2010021\u201000574\u20102"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0311078","article-title":"Crossbreeding for Egg Production","volume":"31","author":"Glazener E. W.","year":"1952","journal-title":"Poultry Science"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Clinical Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vcp.70135","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/vcp.70135","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vcp.70135","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T08:14:56Z","timestamp":1785917696000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/vcp.70135"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["10.1111\/vcp.70135"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/vcp.70135","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0275-6382","1939-165X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0275-6382","type":"print"},{"value":"1939-165X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-11-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-22","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-05","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"vcp.70135"}}