{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T05:21:02Z","timestamp":1788240062581,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788134400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Clinical Pathol"],"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n The mangrove horseshoe crab (\n \n Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n ), a species thriving in the muddy brackish waters of Cox's Bazar, holds significant ecological and biomedical value. Hematological and biochemical analyses can serve as a valuable diagnostic tool for assessing health; however, reports remain limited for horseshoe crabs.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n This study investigated hemolymph values to determine preliminary reference intervals (RIs) from free\u2010ranging mangrove horseshoe crabs.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Forty adult\n \n Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n (20 males, 20 females) were collected from intertidal zones of Cox's Bazar in February 2024. Hemolymph was extracted by cardiac puncture under cold anesthesia for amebocyte counting and biochemical profiling. Plasma metabolites, enzymes, and electrolytes were analyzed using a standard automated laboratory biochemistry analyzer (Humalyzer 3000, Human Diagnostics, Germany), and data were statistically evaluated in accordance with established guidelines.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Total amoebocyte counts demonstrated substantial variability (RI: 0.6\u201338.5\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n 6<\/jats:sup>\n cells\/mL). This study found significantly (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.05) higher levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, chloride (Cl\n \u2212<\/jats:sup>\n ), calcium (Ca\n 2+<\/jats:sup>\n ), magnesium (Mg\n 2+<\/jats:sup>\n ), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in female horseshoe crabs, whereas alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity was significantly higher in males. In contrast, no significant (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009>\u20090.05) differences between sexes were observed in glucose, total protein, albumin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), uric acid, creatinine, urea, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), sodium (Na\n +<\/jats:sup>\n ), potassium (K\n +<\/jats:sup>\n ), and amebocyte counts. Reference intervals (RIs) were established after excluding outliers identified across multiple measurands in both sexes.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n This study provides baseline data and underscores the need for further research, particularly across different seasons, to enhance the suitability and applicability of the established RIs.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vcp.70150","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T05:11:19Z","timestamp":1788239479000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Preliminary Reference Interval Estimation for Hemolymph Analysis in Free\u2010Ranging Mangrove Horseshoe Crab (\n Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda<\/i>\n )"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"given":"Farsia","family":"Naher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fisheries Resource Management, Faculty of Fisheries Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University Chattogram Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md. Nayeem","family":"Hossain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Fisheries Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University Chattogram Bangladesh"},{"name":"Department of Marine Fisheries and Aquaculture, Faculty of Earth and Ocean Science Bangladesh Maritime University Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6697-3057","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md Ridoan","family":"Pasha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University Chattogram Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8111-6926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akbar","family":"John","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sharjah Marine Science Research Centre, College of Marine Science and Aquatic Biology University of Khorfakkan Sharjah UAE"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7634-1037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sk. Ahmad Al","family":"Nahid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fisheries Resource Management, Faculty of Fisheries Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University Chattogram Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-4983.2007.00746.x","article-title":"The Oldest Horseshoe Crab: A New Xiphosurid From Late Ordovician Konservat\u2010Lagerst\u00e4tten Deposits, Manitoba, Canada","volume":"51","author":"Rudkin D. M.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Palaeontology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.3389\/feart.2020.00098","article-title":"Pictorial Atlas of Fossil and Extant Horseshoe Crabs, With a Focus on Xiphosurida","volume":"8","author":"Bicknell R. 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