{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T19:35:26Z","timestamp":1792438526091,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,18]],"date-time":"2013-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1361145600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Canine subcutaneous dirofilariosis caused by <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>irofilaria repens<\/jats:italic> is an important cause of human dirofilariosis in the Old World.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To describe the clinical and pathological features of infestation by <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0repens<\/jats:italic> in dogs with cutaneous nodules and to discuss key diagnostic procedures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sixteen privately owned dogs of different breeds, ages and genders with subcutaneous nodules were positive for <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0repens<\/jats:italic> on at least one diagnostic test.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Diagnostic tests included cytological examination of fine\u2010needle aspiration biopsies, detection of circulating larvae by Knott's test, morphological and molecular identification of adult parasites and microfilariae, and histopathological examination of excised nodules.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twelve animals were positive for <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0repens<\/jats:italic> microfilariae, using cytology and at least one other diagnostic test. Four of twelve dogs screened by Knott's test had circulating <jats:italic>D.\u00a0repens<\/jats:italic> microfilariae, and three of them were co\u2010infected with <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>irofilaria immitis<\/jats:italic>. In eight dogs, adult nematodes were morphologically identified as <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>. repens<\/jats:italic>. Nodular panniculitis was observed in all cases, with nodules containing either one or several cross\u2010sections of nematodes and microfilariae. The nematodes extracted were identified as <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0repens<\/jats:italic> by an <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RT<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content> on the second internal transcribed spacer (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ITS<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions and clinical importance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adults and larvae of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0repens<\/jats:italic> can induce skin nodules in dogs, and these lesions should be carefully evaluated in endemic areas. Clinicians should be aware that correct tissue sampling (including the storage of part of a sample in ethanol instead of formalin) is pivotal to achievement of a specific diagnosis. Cytology of fine\u2010needle tissue aspirates was shown to be useful.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.12009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,19]],"date-time":"2013-02-19T03:39:40Z","timestamp":1361245180000},"page":"255","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Nodular lesions due to infestation by <i><scp>D<\/scp>irofilaria repens<\/i> in dogs from <scp>I<\/scp>taly"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Francesco","family":"Albanese","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Private practice, Clinica Veterinaria S. 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