{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T22:55:36Z","timestamp":1777330536146,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,19]],"date-time":"2013-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1371600000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ciclosporin is a calcineurin inhibitor that is currently registered for the treatment of canine atopic dermatitis. The most common adverse effects include mild, transient gastrointestinal disturbances. Single case reports of opportunistic infections due to <jats:italic>Nocardia<\/jats:italic> spp., <jats:italic>Neospora<\/jats:italic> spp. and papillomaviruses have also been reported.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Hypothesis\/Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Clinicians should be aware of the potential risk of systemic immunosuppression and subsequent infection with <jats:italic>Nocardia<\/jats:italic> spp. in dogs receiving ciclosporin.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cutaneous nocardiosis in two dogs receiving ciclosporin therapy for management of canine atopic dermatitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Histopathology, PCR for <jats:italic>Nocardia<\/jats:italic> spp. and computed tomography.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>One dog developed disseminated nocardiosis due to <jats:italic>Nocardia brasiliensis<\/jats:italic> and a second dog developed localized cutaneous nocardiosis due to a novel <jats:italic>Nocardia<\/jats:italic> species subsequent to ciclosporin administration at the recommended dose rate for the management of canine atopic dermatitis. The second case was receiving a combination of ciclosporin and ketoconazole, and serum trough ciclosporin levels were elevated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions and clinical importance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Clinicians should be aware of the potential risk of systemic immunosuppression and subsequent infection with <jats:italic>Nocardia<\/jats:italic> spp. in dogs receiving ciclosporin. Measurement of serum ciclosporin levels may be useful in identifying those individuals which are at risk of opportunistic infections.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.12046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,19]],"date-time":"2013-06-19T12:31:39Z","timestamp":1371645099000},"page":"453","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Cutaneous nocardiosis in two dogs receiving ciclosporin therapy for the management of canine atopic dermatitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Meng K.","family":"Siak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Dermatology Clinic\u2010Perth School of Veterinary and Biomedical Science Murdoch Veterinary Hospital Murdoch University Murdoch WA 6150 Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amanda K.","family":"Burrows","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Dermatology 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