{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T07:50:25Z","timestamp":1781164225749,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,26]],"date-time":"2014-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1395792000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>A recently launched topical ectoparasiticide containing fipronil, amitraz and <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\u2010methoprene has been associated with the development of an acantholytic pustular dermatitis similar to that of Promeris\u2010triggered pemphigus foliaceus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PF<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Hypothesis\/Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our objectives were to describe the clinical, histological and immunological features of this <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010like cutaneous adverse drug reaction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010one dogs with a probable or definitive diagnosis of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010like cutaneous adverse drug reaction were identified between May 2012 and February 2013.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Histology, direct and indirect immunofluorescence were employed to address the study objectives.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Most dogs were middle\u2010aged or older (median, 9\u00a0years) and of large size (median, 23\u00a0kg). In six dogs (29%), the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010like lesions remained confined to the site of application, while 15 dogs (71%) exhibited lesions at distant sites. One or two applications of the ectoparasiticide were sufficient to trigger <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010like lesions in seven (33%) and six (29%) dogs, respectively. Systemic signs were reported in nine dogs (43%), all with lesions extending to sites distant from application areas. Tissue\u2010bound antikeratinocyte IgG was detected in the lesional epidermis of eight of 19 (42%) cases by direct immunofluorescence, while serum antikeratinocyte IgG was detected in 10 of 14 (71%) cases by indirect immunofluorescence. Autoantibodies were found to target canine desmocollin\u20101 in 11 of 14 dogs (79%), but not canine desmoglein\u20101, by indirect immunofluorescence on transfected cells. These immunological findings were similar in cases with localized and distant disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions and clinical importance<\/jats:title><jats:p>This new topical ectoparasiticide containing fipronil, amitraz and <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\u2010methoprene is capable of triggering the development of an acantholytic pustular dermatosis that is a clinical, histological and immunological close match for Promeris\u2010triggered <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PF<\/jats:styled-content> and naturally occurring autoimmune <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PF<\/jats:styled-content> in dogs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.12117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,26]],"date-time":"2014-03-26T09:37:33Z","timestamp":1395826653000},"page":"103","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Fipronil\u2013amitraz\u2013<i>S<\/i>\u2010methoprene\u2010triggered pemphigus foliaceus in 21 dogs: clinical, histological and immunological characteristics"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Petra","family":"Bizikova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine North Carolina State University 1060 William Moore Drive Raleigh NC 27607 USA"},{"name":"Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research North Carolina State University 1060 William Moore Drive Raleigh NC 27607 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith 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