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Toll\u2010like receptor\u20102 of keratinocytes has been demonstrated to recognize mite chitin and to elicit an innate immune response. The subsequent acquired immune response is poorly understood at present, but there is experimental and clinical evidence that this is the main mechanism in the control of mite proliferation. A transgenic mouse model (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">STAT<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>28<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>) has demonstrated that the immune response is complex, probably involving both cellular and humoral mechanisms and requiring the role of co\u2010stimulatory molecules (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>28).<\/jats:p><jats:p>It is known that a genetic predisposition for developing canine juvenile generalized demodicosis exists; however, the primary defect leading to the disease remains unknown. Once the mite proliferation is advanced, dogs show a phenotype that is similar to the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010cell exhaustion characterized by low interleukin\u20102 production and high interleukin\u201010 and transforming growth factor\u2010\u03b2 production by lymphocytes, as described in other viral and parasitic diseases.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Acaricidal treatment (macrocyclic lactones) decreases the antigenic load and reverses<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010cell exhaustion, leading to a clinical cure. Although in recent years there have been significant advances in the management and understanding of this important and complex canine disease, more research in areas such as the aetiology of the genetic predisposition and the immune control of the mite populations is clearly needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.12136","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,9]],"date-time":"2014-06-09T10:26:39Z","timestamp":1402309599000},"page":"427","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Immunology and pathogenesis of canine demodicosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Lluis","family":"Ferrer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine Tufts University 200 Westboro Road North Grafton MA 01536 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