{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T08:25:14Z","timestamp":1759047914495},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,20]],"date-time":"2015-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1429488000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Noninfectious, non\u2010neoplastic, nodular to diffuse, so\u2010called \u2018sterile\u2019 granulomatous\/pyogranulomatous skin lesions (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SGPSL<\/jats:styled-content>s) are infrequently identified in dogs and may represent a diagnostic challenge. Their correct identification is based on history, histopathology and absence of intralesional foreign bodies and micro\u2010organisms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Hypothesis\/Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of<jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>spp.,<jats:italic>Mycobacterium<\/jats:italic>spp.,<jats:italic>Serratia marcescens<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Nocardia<\/jats:italic>spp. by real\u2010time<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content>in canine nodular skin lesions histologically diagnosed as putatively sterile.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Formalin\u2010fixed skin biopsies were collected from 40 dogs. All samples were associated with an<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SGPSL<\/jats:styled-content>diagnosis characterized by multifocal, nodular to diffuse, periadnexal and perifollicular pyogranulomas\/granulomas. Neither micro\u2010organisms nor foreign bodies were detected with haematoxylin and eosin staining, under polarized light. Further analyses included periodic acid<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>chiff,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Z<\/jats:styled-content>iehl\u2013<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">N<\/jats:styled-content>eelsen,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">F<\/jats:styled-content>ite<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">F<\/jats:styled-content>araco,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G<\/jats:styled-content>iemsa and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G<\/jats:styled-content>ram histochemical stains; anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>acillus<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>almette\u2013<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G<\/jats:styled-content>u\u00e9rin (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BCG<\/jats:styled-content>) and<jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>spp. immunohistochemistry; and real\u2010time<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content>analysis for<jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>spp.,<jats:italic>Mycobacterium<\/jats:italic>spp.,<jats:italic>S.\u00a0marcescens<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Nocardia<\/jats:italic>spp.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Special stains and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BCG<\/jats:styled-content>\/immunohistochemistry were negative in all samples. Real\u2010time<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content>was positive for<jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>spp. in four of 40 biopsies and for<jats:italic>S.\u00a0marcescens<\/jats:italic>in two of 40 samples. Real\u2010time<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content>for<jats:italic>Mycobacterium<\/jats:italic>spp. and<jats:italic>Nocardia<\/jats:italic>spp. was negative. No correlation between real\u2010time<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content>positivity and a specific histological pattern was identified.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions and clinical importance<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>spp. have been previously identified as possible agents of certain<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SGPSL<\/jats:styled-content>s, while the involvement of<jats:italic>S.\u00a0marcescens<\/jats:italic>has not been investigated previously. According to our findings,<jats:italic>Serratia<\/jats:italic>spp. should be included in the list of agents possibly associated with a subgroup of granulomatous\/pyogranulomatous skin lesions in dogs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.12208","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,21]],"date-time":"2015-04-21T05:02:38Z","timestamp":1429592558000},"page":"186","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Identification by real\u2010time<scp>PCR<\/scp>with<scp>SYBR<\/scp>Green of<i>Leishmania<\/i>spp. and<i>Serratia marcescens<\/i>in canine \u2018sterile\u2019 cutaneous nodular lesions"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Luisa","family":"Cornegliani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences and Public Health DIPAV, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Milan via Celoria 10 20133 Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Corona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ambulatorio Veterinario Associato c.so Traiano 99\/d 10135 Turin Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonella","family":"Vercelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ambulatorio Veterinario Associato c.so Traiano 99\/d 10135 Turin Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Roccabianca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences and Public Health DIPAV, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Milan via Celoria 10 20133 Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(99)50129-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","first-page":"695","volume-title":"Muller and Kirk's Small Animal Dermatology","author":"Miller WJ","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","first-page":"194","volume-title":"Veterinary Dermatopathology: a Macroscopic and Microscopic Evaluation of Canine and Feline Skin Diseases","author":"Gross TL","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","first-page":"141","volume-title":"Color Atlas and Text of Surgical Pathology of the Dog and Cat","author":"Yager JA","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1998.213.03.356","article-title":"Difficult dermatologic diagnosis. 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