{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T07:18:26Z","timestamp":1768547906788,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,11]],"date-time":"2015-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1439251200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"American Cavalier King Charles Spaniel Club Charitable Trust Inc"},{"name":"The Ohio State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Canine Intramural Grant (Paladin Fund)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Primary secretory otitis media (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PSOM<\/jats:styled-content>) is a disease reported in the cavalier King Charles spaniel (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CKCS<\/jats:styled-content>). The diagnosis of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PSOM<\/jats:styled-content>has been made based only on visualization of a bulging tympanic membrane and mucus in the middle ear post\u2010myringotomy. No additional tests have been evaluated for the diagnosis of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PSOM<\/jats:styled-content>;<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CKCS<\/jats:styled-content>s with early disease may have been missed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Hypothesis\/Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The objective of this study was to compare otoscopy, tympanometry, pneumotoscopy and tympanic bulla ultrasonography, using computed tomography (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content>) as the gold standard for the diagnosis of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PSOM<\/jats:styled-content>in the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CKCS<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sixty<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CKCS<\/jats:styled-content>s with clinical signs suggestive of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PSOM<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Otoscopy,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content>scan, tympanic bulla ultrasonography, tympanometry and pneumotoscopy were performed; those<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CKCS<\/jats:styled-content>s with a soft tissue density in the middle ear identified on<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content>had a myringotomy and middle ear flush.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty\u2010three (72%)<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CKCS<\/jats:styled-content>s had<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PSOM<\/jats:styled-content>(30 bilateral, 13 unilateral). A large bulging pars flaccida was identified in only those<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CKCS<\/jats:styled-content>with<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PSOM<\/jats:styled-content>(specificity of 100%); however, only 21 of 73 ears with<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PSOM<\/jats:styled-content>had a large bulging pars flaccida (sensitivity of 29%). Sensitivity and specificity for tympanometry, pneumotoscopy and tympanic bulla ultrasonography were (84%, 47%), (75%, 79%) and (67%, 47%), respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions and clinical importance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Based on these results a large bulging pars flaccida indicates the presence of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PSOM<\/jats:styled-content>, whereas a flat pars flaccida may be present in<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CKCS<\/jats:styled-content>that have<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PSOM<\/jats:styled-content>as well as those that do not. In<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CKCS<\/jats:styled-content>s with a flat pars flaccida none of the above diagnostic tests can be recommended in place of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content>scan for the diagnosis of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PSOM<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.12248","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,12]],"date-time":"2015-08-12T05:17:11Z","timestamp":1439356631000},"page":"459","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Diagnosis of primary secretory otitis media in the cavalier<scp>K<\/scp>ing<scp>C<\/scp>harles spaniel"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Lynette K.","family":"Cole","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine The Ohio State University 601 Vernon Tharp Street Columbus OH 43210 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valerie F.","family":"Samii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine The Ohio State University 601 Vernon Tharp Street Columbus OH 43210 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan O.","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine The Ohio State University 601 Vernon Tharp Street Columbus OH 43210 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P\u00e4ivi J.","family":"Rajala\u2010Schultz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine The Ohio State University 601 Vernon Tharp Street Columbus OH 43210 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