{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T20:16:32Z","timestamp":1786738592117,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,3]],"date-time":"2016-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1467504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Canine bacterial and <jats:italic>Malassezia<\/jats:italic> paronychia are common secondary complications of atopic dermatitis and adverse food reactions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Hypothesis\/Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to compare three different sampling methods for claw fold cytology and to evaluate the numbers of bacteria, <jats:italic>Malassezia<\/jats:italic> yeast and inflammatory cells.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sixty client\u2010owned dogs were classified into three groups: (A) normal dogs; (B) allergic dogs with no clinical evidence of claw disease (brown staining, erythema, swelling, crusts or exudates); and (C) allergic dogs with clinical paronychia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A prospective, blinded, split\u2010plot study design was used. Claw folds from each dog were sampled using either a toothpick, tape preparation or direct impression smear. Slides were evaluated by two investigators for inflammatory cells, nuclear streaming, debris, corneocytes, yeast, intracellular (IC) cocci, extracellular (EC) cocci, IC rods and EC rods. For each parameter, data were compared between groups and between methods. Inter\u2010reader agreements were calculated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Group C had significantly higher values of EC cocci and corneocytes than Groups A or B. Although <jats:italic>Malassezia<\/jats:italic> organisms were more prevalent in allergic dogs than normal dogs, the counts were not significantly different. There were significantly higher numbers of <jats:italic>Malassezia<\/jats:italic> organisms (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.0016) and EC cocci (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.0106) retrieved from samples collected with a toothpick compared to other methods. Tape preparations were associated with significantly more debris and corneocytes (both <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.0001) and impression smears with significantly more nuclear streaming (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.0468).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions and clinical importance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sample collection using a toothpick optimizes the value of cytological results when sampling allergic dogs with clinical paronychia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.12297","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,4]],"date-time":"2016-07-04T02:57:55Z","timestamp":1467601075000},"page":"279","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Evaluation of cytology collection techniques and prevalence of Malassezia yeast and bacteria in claw folds of normal and allergic dogs"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Kimberly L.","family":"Lo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Dermatology Clinic 2965 Edinger Avenue Tustin CA 92780 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wayne S.","family":"Rosenkrantz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Dermatology Clinic 2965 Edinger Avenue Tustin CA 92780 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"1332","volume-title":"Saunders Comprehensive Veterinary Dictionary","author":"Blood DC","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"243","volume-title":"Muller & Kirk's Small Animal Dermatology","author":"Miller WH","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"51","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 12th Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Veterinary Dermatology & American College of Veterinary Dermatology","author":"Griffin CE","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3164.2000.00174.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3164.2007.00592.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.154.17.519"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.12219"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3164.2009.00758.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3164.2007.00616.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0959-4493.2001.00261.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3164.2002.00291.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3164.2005.00424.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","first-page":"33","article-title":"Comparaison de diff\u00e9rentes techniques cytologiques pour la mise en \u00e9vidence de Malassezia pachydermatis sur la peau du chien","volume":"34","author":"Bensignor E","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pratique M\u00e9dicale et Chirurgicale de l'Animal de Compagnie"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ctsap.2006.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.12138"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","first-page":"442","volume-title":"Foundations of Clinical Research: Applications to Practice","author":"Portney LG","year":"1993"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fvde.12297","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vde.12297","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,23]],"date-time":"2023-09-23T14:13:12Z","timestamp":1695478392000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/vde.12297"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,3]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/vde.12297"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/vde.12297","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0959-4493","1365-3164"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0959-4493","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-3164","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2016-01-16","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-07-03","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}