{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T02:15:39Z","timestamp":1783131339987,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,15]],"date-time":"2016-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1465948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014851","name":"Bayer Animal Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014851","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Bacterial eradication is necessary for clinical cure of infections and antimicrobial agents are important adjunctive therapies for inhibiting the growth of or killing bacteria. Pre\u2010existing skin diseases predispose animals to infection by <jats:italic>Staphylococcus pseudintermedius<\/jats:italic> and, more rarely, by Gram\u2010negative bacilli. The property of rapid killing of bacteria may influence drug selection and duration of therapy in the setting of infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To test the killing of canine isolates of <jats:italic>S. pseudintermedius<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> by cefazolin, cefovecin, doxycycline and pradofloxacin at the minimum inhibitory, mutant prevention, maximum serum and maximum tissue drug concentrations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Under standard conditions, bacterial cells were exposed to clinically relevant drug concentrations <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> and the log<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub> reduction (and % kill) of viable cells measured at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 60, 120 and 180 min after drug exposure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Statistically significant differences were seen between killing efficiencies by pradofloxacin versus the other agents, whereby pradofloxacin killed cells more rapidly than the others. For example, against the <jats:italic>S. pseudintermedius<\/jats:italic> strains, significantly more cells were killed by pradofloxacin following 15 min of maximum tissue drug concentration exposure than for cefazolin (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.0002), cefovecin (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.0007) and doxycycline (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> \u2264 0.0001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion and clinical importance<\/jats:title><jats:p>The rank order of potency based on these kill experiments was pradofloxacin &gt; cefazolin &gt; cefovecin &gt; doxycycline. Rapid killing of bacteria affects the speed of clinical resolution and may influence drug selection and duration of therapy for skin infections.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.12334","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,16]],"date-time":"2016-06-16T05:53:34Z","timestamp":1466056414000},"page":"267","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Comparative <i>in vitro<\/i> killing of canine strains of <i>Staphylococcus pseudintermedius<\/i> and <i>Escherichia coli<\/i> by cefovecin, cefazolin, doxycycline and pradofloxacin"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Joseph M.","family":"Blondeau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Microbiology Royal University Hospital and Saskatoon Health Region 103 Hospital Drive Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 0W8 Canada"},{"name":"Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Pathology and Ophthalmology University of Saskatchewan 103 Hospital Drive Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 0W8 Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shantelle D.","family":"Shebelski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Microbiology Royal University Hospital and Saskatoon Health Region 103 Hospital Drive Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 0W8 Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2008\/846453"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/47.2.129"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/17512433.2013.811831"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3164.2009.00828.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00137-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","first-page":"807","volume-title":"Infectious Diseases of the Dog and Cat","author":"Ihrke PJ","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5326\/JAAHA-MS-5943"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.12118"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4061\/2011\/263768"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/381972"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dku379"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/511159"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3164.2009.00856.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.76.10.860"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1128\/9781555817381","volume-title":"Manual of Clinical Microbiology","author":"Jorgensen JH","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute 2012 CLSI Wayne PA"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2004.02.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2005.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/joc.2006.18.4.366"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2011.08.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.45.2.433-438.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkl224"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2055-2335.2009.tb00457.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","first-page":"68","volume-title":"TARGET: The Antimicrobial Reference Guide to Effective Treatment","author":"Aucoin D","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","first-page":"111","article-title":"The clinical efficacy and concentration time course of pradofloxacin in the skin and serum of dogs with and without pyoderma","volume":"19","author":"Restrepo C","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","unstructured":"RestrepoC.Tissue concentrations in canine pyoderma: does it reach high enough directly in skin?2nd International Veraflox Symposium Rome Italy 2012. 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