{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T06:19:52Z","timestamp":1774678792792,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,12]],"date-time":"2016-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1473638400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"American College of Veterinary Dermatology"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The environment is important in transmission of bacteria. Textiles are difficult and time consuming to clean; ultraviolet light C (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UVC<\/jats:styled-content>) is germicidal and may be an effective disinfection method for textile surfaces.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study evaluated the efficacy of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UVC<\/jats:styled-content>, a commercial quaternary ammonium compound antimicrobial spray (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FAS<\/jats:styled-content>) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UVC<\/jats:styled-content>+<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FAS<\/jats:styled-content> combined for reducing bacterial colonization on experimentally contaminated textiles.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Microfibre, cotton and polyester were inoculated with meticillin\u2010sensitive and \u2010resistant <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MSSA<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRSA<\/jats:styled-content>), <jats:italic>Staphylococcus pseudintermedius<\/jats:italic> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MSSP<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRSP<\/jats:styled-content>), <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ATCC<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> strains were used except for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRSP<\/jats:styled-content><jats:italic>,<\/jats:italic> for which ten canine clinical isolates were collected. Textiles were treated with three doses of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UVC<\/jats:styled-content> (13 mJ\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, 54 mJ\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> or 270 mJ\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>), <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FAS<\/jats:styled-content> or both (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FAS<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UVC<\/jats:styled-content> at 270 mJ\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>). <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UVC<\/jats:styled-content> was delivered using a modified mercury\u2010based lamp. Bleach (8.25%) was used as a positive control. Negative controls received no treatment. Surface bacterial counts were determined 24 h post\u2010treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The lower dosages (13 mJ\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> and 54 mJ\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UVC<\/jats:styled-content> had &gt;90% colony forming unit (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CFU<\/jats:styled-content>) reduction, 270 mJ\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> had &gt;99% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CFU<\/jats:styled-content> reduction and combined <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UVC<\/jats:styled-content>+<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FAS<\/jats:styled-content> had 100% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CFU<\/jats:styled-content> reduction against all bacterial strains on all surfaces (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). Ten experiments showed that treatment with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UVC<\/jats:styled-content> had a greater <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CFU<\/jats:styled-content> reduction when compared to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FAS<\/jats:styled-content> alone (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). A majority of those experiments (seven of 10) involved Gram\u2010negative species (<jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UVC<\/jats:styled-content> quickly reduced the bacterial burden on textiles to greater than 90%; <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UVC<\/jats:styled-content> may be a better disinfecting agent than <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FAS<\/jats:styled-content> for Gram\u2010negative species.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.12377","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,13]],"date-time":"2016-09-13T03:03:01Z","timestamp":1473735781000},"page":"457","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Can ultraviolet light C decrease the environmental burden of antimicrobial\u2010resistant and \u2010sensitive bacteria on textiles?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Jennifer J.","family":"Bentley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine University of Florida 2089 SW 16th Avenue Gainesville FL 32608 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Domenico","family":"Santoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine University of Florida 2089 SW 16th Avenue Gainesville FL 32608 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dunbar W.","family":"Gram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine University of Florida 2089 SW 16th Avenue Gainesville FL 32608 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mauricio","family":"Dujowich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine University of Florida 2089 SW 16th Avenue Gainesville FL 32608 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosanna","family":"Marsella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine University of Florida 2089 SW 16th Avenue Gainesville FL 32608 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/eri.11.166"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Disinfection using ultraviolet radiation as an antimicrobial agent: a review and synthesis of mechanisms and concerns","volume":"60","author":"Piluso LG","year":"2006","journal-title":"PDA J Pharm Sci Technol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.2.724-726.2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","first-page":"25","article-title":"Hospital privacy curtains: cleaning and changing policies \u2010 are we doing enough?","volume":"40","author":"DeAngelis DL","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/651678"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0027788"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(12)70156-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","first-page":"963","article-title":"Escherichia coli and selected veterinary and zoonotic pathogens isolated from environmental sites in companion animal veterinary hospitals in southern Ontario","volume":"51","author":"Murphy CP","year":"2010","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0022407"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir919"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","first-page":"40","article-title":"In vitro comparison of the effectiveness of three surface disinfectants","volume":"22","author":"Stephens J1","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Calif Dent Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","first-page":"142","volume-title":"AATCC Technical Manual 2000","author":"American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2003.09.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","unstructured":"AndersonDJ RutalaWA KnelsonLPet al.Inter hospital variation in time required for hospital room ultraviolet (UV)\u2010C irradiation. Poster presented at: ID Week Oct 2013; San Francisco CA USA. Available at:https:\/\/idsa.confex.com\/idsa\/2013\/webprogram\/Paper41051.html. Accessed Jul 18 2016."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9071.2010.02471.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.12.1.147"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","first-page":"108","volume-title":"Principles and Practice of Disinfection, Preservation and Sterilization","author":"Fraise A","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.257.5073.1050"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ie9006694"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fvde.12377","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vde.12377","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,2]],"date-time":"2023-10-02T02:23:37Z","timestamp":1696213417000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/vde.12377"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,12]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/vde.12377"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/vde.12377","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0959-4493","1365-3164"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0959-4493","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-3164","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2016-07-13","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-09-12","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}