{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T22:51:02Z","timestamp":1768344662137,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,19]],"date-time":"2016-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1474243200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To describe a case of testicular neoplasia and alopecia universalis in a dog, and successful treatment of the latter with ciclosporin.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Animal<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twelve\u2010year\u2010old intact male wirehaired fox terrier.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Castration, skin biopsy for histopathology, lymphocyte immunophenotyping and clonality analysis of the canine T\u2010cell receptor gamma locus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TCR<\/jats:styled-content>\u03b3) rearrangement.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The dog presented with symmetrical generalized alopecia. Testicular enlargement was noted which on castration was determined to be caused by bilateral interstitial cell tumours, Sertoli cell tumours and a unilateral seminoma. During the four months after castration the alopecia became more severe and widespread. Histopathology of the skin showed moderate, multifocal, mural folliculitis, peribulbar mucinosis and lymphocytic bulbitis, and targeting of anagen hair follicles. Immunophenotyping of the infiltrate showed a population of well\u2010differentiated, small CD3\u2010positive T lymphocytes, some expressing CD4 and others <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>8. Molecular analysis revealed a polyclonal lymphocytic infiltrate, substantiating the diagnosis of alopecia areata rather than lymphoma. Treatment with ciclosporin (4.6 mg\/kg) and ketoconazole (4.6 mg\/kg) resulted in complete hair regrowth.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion and clinical importance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ciclosporin treatment, in combination with ketoconazole, can be effective for treatment of alopecia universalis in the dog. Alopecia universalis may present with clinically noninflammatory, symmetrical, generalized alopecia, mimicking an endocrine alopecia, and skin biopsies are needed to confirm the diagnosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.12380","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,20]],"date-time":"2016-09-20T02:22:38Z","timestamp":1474338158000},"page":"513","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Alopecia universalis in a dog with testicular neoplasia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Catherine A.","family":"Outerbridge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Epidemiology School of Veterinary Medicine University of California Davis 1 Garrod Drive Davis CA 95616 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen D.","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Epidemiology School of Veterinary Medicine University of California Davis 1 Garrod Drive Davis CA 95616 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Verena K.","family":"Affolter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department ofPathology, Microbiology &amp; Immunology School of Veterinary Medicine University of California Davis 1 Garrod Drive Davis CA 95616 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","first-page":"403","article-title":"Alopecia areata in a dog","volume":"26","author":"Guernsey GE","year":"1985","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","first-page":"462","volume-title":"Autoimmune and immune\u2010mediated dermatoses. 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