{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T10:55:25Z","timestamp":1778583325702,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,24]],"date-time":"2017-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1492992000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Oral and topical calcineurin inhibitors (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>s) have been reported to lead to complete lesion remission in several dogs with vesicular cutaneous lupus erythematosus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VCLE<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To report retrospectively on the effectiveness and adverse effects of systemic (ciclosporin) and\/or topical (tacrolimus\/pimecrolimus) <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>s in 11 dogs with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VCLE<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Inclusion criteria were: (i) presence of characteristic annular, polycyclic or serpiginous ulcerations distributed over the groin, axillae and\/or ventral abdomen; (ii) a histopathological diagnosis of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VCLE<\/jats:styled-content> (i.e. a lymphocyte\u2010rich interface dermatitis with vesiculation); (iii) treatment that included <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>s for at least eight weeks; and (iv) follow\u2010up until death\/euthanasia or for a minimum of 12 months post\u2010diagnosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Initial therapy included the avoidance of excessive sun exposure, oral glucocorticoids [six of 11 dogs (55%); progressively tapered over a month] and once daily ciclosporin [11 dogs (100%); median 5.8 mg\/kg]. A complete remission (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CR<\/jats:styled-content>) of signs occurred between days 35 and 70 after starting <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>s in eight dogs (73%); increasing ciclosporin dosage and adding topical tacrolimus induced a <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CR<\/jats:styled-content> in two additional dogs (18%). Relapses were common when doses were tapered or discontinued. With the exception of three dogs that were euthanized, clinical signs were maintained in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CR<\/jats:styled-content> with oral ciclosporin (eight of eight dogs treated, 100%) or topical tacrolimus\/pimecrolimus (four of eight dogs; 50%) with a median follow\u2010up of 2.9 years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions and clinical importance<\/jats:title><jats:p>These observations support <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>s as the preferable therapeutic alternatives to long\u2010term immunosuppression with oral glucocorticoids in dogs with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VCLE<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.12448","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,25]],"date-time":"2017-04-25T02:23:23Z","timestamp":1493087003000},"page":"493","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Therapeutic effectiveness of calcineurin inhibitors in canine vesicular cutaneous lupus erythematosus"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4785-4121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frane","family":"Banovic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery College of Veterinary Medicine University of Georgia 2200 College Station Road Athens GA 30602 USA"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine North Carolina State University 1060 William Moore Dr Raleigh NC 27607 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Robson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Skin and Allergy Service Melbourne Veterinary Specialist Centre 70 Blackburn Road Glen Waverley Victoria 3150 Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Linek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tieraerztliche Spezialisten Rodigallee 85 Hamburg D\u201022043 Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thierry","family":"Olivry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine North Carolina State University 1060 William Moore Dr Raleigh NC 27607 USA"},{"name":"Comparative Medicine Institute North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3164.2001.00212.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00480169.2011.585121"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.12078"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3164.2004.00355.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3164.2006.00552.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.245.11.1237"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.12241"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3164.2005.00491.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.143.2.718","article-title":"The immunosuppressant FK506 selectively inhibits expression of early T cell activation genes","volume":"143","author":"Tocci MJ","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3164.2010.00867.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.12217"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5326\/0400029"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","first-page":"188","article-title":"A randomized, double blinded placebo controlled cross\u2010over study evaluating 0.03% tacrolimus ointment monotherapy in the treatment of discoid lupus erythematosus in dogs","volume":"18","author":"Messinger L","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.12389"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3164.2012.01064.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2011.04161.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1994.tb08471.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555768788","article-title":"Discoid lupus erythematosus during treatment with cyclosporine","volume":"76","author":"Di Lernia V","year":"1996","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.06.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00128071-200506020-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2007.08.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0906-6705.2004.00269.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2003.07.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03191119"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2005.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1985.01660100103026"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1986.01660160026007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(88)70259-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1991.04510010083008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","first-page":"27","article-title":"Treatment of cutaneous lupus erythematosus","volume":"6","author":"Winkelmann RR","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Aesthet Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1000702"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14397595.2016.1140711"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.09.064"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","first-page":"800","article-title":"Laboratory studies of the 4\u2010aminoquinoline antimalarials: I. Some biochemical characteristics of chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, and SN\u20107718","volume":"11","author":"McChesney EWMA","year":"1961","journal-title":"Antibiot Chemother"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.29165"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/phpp.12018"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fvde.12448","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vde.12448","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,23]],"date-time":"2023-09-23T18:34:53Z","timestamp":1695494093000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/vde.12448"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,24]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/vde.12448"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/vde.12448","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0959-4493","1365-3164"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0959-4493","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-3164","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2017-03-02","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-04-24","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}