{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T20:04:01Z","timestamp":1775246641039,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,10]],"date-time":"2017-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1507593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Computed tomography (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content>) is considered to be the reference method to evaluate middle ear structures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the presence and severity of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content>changes in the middle ear and establish if any specific clinical presentations are associated with otitis media.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title><jats:p>Medical records of animals referred for<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content>with history and clinical signs consistent with middle ear disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective evaluation of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content>examinations of tympanic bullae performed over a six year period. Medical records were reviewed for signalment, clinical signs and cytological evaluation of the external ear canal. Dogs were divided into three clinical groups: chronic otitis externa (Group 1), peripheral vestibular disorder (Group 2) and other clinical presentations (Group 3).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"simple\"><jats:list-item><jats:p>Group 1 \u2013 Of 214 ears, 87 (40.7%) had<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content>abnormalities: 38 of 87 (17.7%) had material\u2010filled bullae, 42 of 87 (19.6%) had thickened bullae walls and seven of 87 (3.2%) had lysis of the bulla. Abnormalities were significantly more frequent in dogs with suppurative otitis than in erythemato\u2013ceruminous otitis (57% and 23%, respectively;<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.003). Proliferative otitis, particularly in French bulldogs, was associated with severe otitis media.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item><jats:list-item><jats:p>Group 2 \u2013 Of the 106 ears, 91 (85.8%) had normal tympanic bullae.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item><jats:list-item><jats:p>Group 3 \u2013 Of the 26 ears from deaf dogs, 17 had filled bullae; all nine affected dogs were Cavalier King Charles spaniels. All dogs with Claude Bernard Horner syndrome or head tilt had normal tympanic bullae.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item><\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Clinical significance<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content>is useful for canine chronic otitis externa, particularly in suppurative or proliferative otitis, even in the absence of associated neurological signs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.12503","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,10]],"date-time":"2017-10-10T09:32:36Z","timestamp":1507627956000},"page":"45","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Computed tomographic findings in 205 dogs with clinical signs compatible with middle ear disease: a retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Audrey","family":"Belmudes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Small Animal Hospital Dermatology Service Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse ENVT 23 chemin des Capelles 31076 Toulouse France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charline","family":"Pressanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Small Animal Hospital Dermatology Service Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse ENVT 23 chemin des Capelles 31076 Toulouse France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul Y.","family":"Barthez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vedim 70 rue Nicolas Margue 4979 Fingig Luxemburg"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eloy","family":"Castilla\u2010Casta\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Small Animal Hospital Dermatology Service Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse ENVT 23 chemin des Capelles 31076 Toulouse France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lionel","family":"Fabries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Scanner 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