{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T09:46:07Z","timestamp":1773308767860,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,24]],"date-time":"2018-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1537747200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education in Poland","award":["8636\/E342\/R\/2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["8636\/E342\/R\/2014"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education in Poland","award":["N\/ST\/ZB\/17\/001\/2215"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/ST\/ZB\/17\/001\/2215"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Malassezia pachydermatis<\/jats:italic> is an opportunistic yeast involved in skin and ear canal infections of dogs and cats. Reports suggest that strains of <jats:italic>M.\u00a0pachydermatis<\/jats:italic> resistant to commonly used antifungal agents may be emerging. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies should be explored.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The synergistic effect of oxythiamine (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OT<\/jats:styled-content>) and ketoconazole (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KTC<\/jats:styled-content>) was analysed using a reference strain and field isolates (n\u00a0=\u00a066) of <jats:italic>M.\u00a0pachydermatis<\/jats:italic>. Hydrogel formulations containing these components also were evaluated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and materials<\/jats:title><jats:p>The minimum inhibitory concentrations (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MIC<\/jats:styled-content>s) and minimum fungicidal concentrations (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MFC<\/jats:styled-content>s) of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OT<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> KTC<\/jats:styled-content> and their mixtures were determined by a broth macrodilution method. The antifungal effects of hydrogel formulations were determined by a plate diffusion method.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MIC<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MFC<\/jats:styled-content> values of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OT<\/jats:styled-content> were in the range 0.08\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> to 10\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\u00a0mg\/L. All <jats:italic>M.\u00a0pachydermati<\/jats:italic>s strains showed higher susceptibility to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KTC<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MIC<\/jats:styled-content>s and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MFC<\/jats:styled-content>s in the range 0.04\u20130.32\u00a0mg\/L). Formulations that combined <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OT<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KTC<\/jats:styled-content> showed a synergistic effect for all tested isolates (n\u00a0=\u00a066). Hydrogels that contained <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OT<\/jats:styled-content> at a concentration of 10\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> or 20\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\u00a0mg\/L and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KTC<\/jats:styled-content> at the concentration of 0.1\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\u00a0mg\/L showed a stronger effect than a commercially available product with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KTC<\/jats:styled-content> alone (20\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\u00a0mg\/L).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions and clinical importance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Synergy of these drugs may allow for successful topical treatment which utilizes lower doses of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KTC<\/jats:styled-content> without changing its therapeutic effectiveness. Hydrogel formulations proved to be attractive drug carriers for potential topical use.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.12688","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,25]],"date-time":"2018-09-25T04:44:42Z","timestamp":1537850682000},"page":"476","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Oxythiamine improves antifungal activity of ketoconazole evaluated in canine <i>Malassezia pachydermatis<\/i> strains"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2113-8802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magdalena","family":"Siemieniuk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cytobiochemistry Institute of Biology University of Bialystok Ciolkowskiego 1J, 15?245 Bialystok Poland"},{"name":"Laboratory of Tissue Culture Institute of Biology University of Bialystok Ciolkowskiego 1J, 15?245 Bialystok 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