{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T19:45:03Z","timestamp":1791315903480,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,13]],"date-time":"2019-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1547337600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Aural cholesteatomas, also called tympanokeratomas, are destructive and expansile growths of keratinizing epithelium that develop in the middle ear. They have been reported sporadically in dogs, and surgery is usually the recommended treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To describe the common clinical, radiological and histological findings of cholesteatoma; to report on the outcome of conservative management.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eleven dogs (13 ears) with cholesteatomas.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and materials<\/jats:title><jats:p>Medical records were reviewed for dogs diagnosed with cholesteatoma between 2012 and 2018. All dogs had computed tomography (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content>) and\/or magnetic resonance imaging (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content>) followed by trans\u2010canal endoscopic procedure (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TEP<\/jats:styled-content>) for removal and biopsy of middle ear lesions. Dogs were then treated with in\u2010clinic flushing initially weekly tapered to monthly, as well as at\u2010home ear cleaning and application of topical otic steroid medication, initially daily then tapered to once or twice weekly.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nine dogs had a history of chronic otitis externa; head tilt or facial paralysis was present in seven and four cases, respectively. Otic examination identified a protruding nodule in seven ears.<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content>demonstrated soft tissue\u2010like material in 12 bullae and expansion in seven bullae.<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content>revealed minimally contrast\u2010enhancing bulla contents in 12 ears. Post\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TEP<\/jats:styled-content>and with maintenance medical treatment, nine ears had no further signs of middle ear disease during a mean follow\u2010up of 27.9\u00a0months.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions and clinical importance<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results suggest that otitis externa may not necessarily precede cholesteatoma in all dogs.<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content>appears to be more sensitive than<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content>for identifying cholesteatomas. Conservative treatment of cholesteatomas could be useful before or as an alternative to surgery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.12707","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,14]],"date-time":"2019-01-14T04:24:59Z","timestamp":1547439899000},"page":"42","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Clinical analysis and nonsurgical management of 11 dogs with aural cholesteatoma"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Akihiro","family":"Imai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Service Synergy Animal General Hospital 815 Ishigami Kawaguchi Saitama 333\u20100823 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hirotaka","family":"Kondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology Department of Veterinary Medicine College of Bioresource Science Nihon University 1866 Kameino Fujisawa Kanagawa 252\u20100880 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsunenori","family":"Suganuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic Image Service Synergy Animal General Hospital 815 Ishigami Kawaguchi Saitama 333\u20100823 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0494-9710","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masahiko","family":"Nagata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Service Synergy Animal General Hospital 815 Ishigami Kawaguchi Saitama 333\u20100823 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2008.00455.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"631","article-title":"Middle ear cholesteatoma in 11 dogs","volume":"52","author":"Greci V","year":"2011","journal-title":"Can Vet 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