{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T17:07:23Z","timestamp":1770224843653,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,15]],"date-time":"2019-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1547510400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006928","name":"Ohio State University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006928","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Primary secretory otitis media (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PSOM<\/jats:styled-content>) in the cavalier King Charles spaniel (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CKCS<\/jats:styled-content>) is similar to otitis media with effusion (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OME<\/jats:styled-content>) in humans. A proposed aetiology of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OME<\/jats:styled-content>is inflammation of the middle ear mucosa, usually due to bacterial infection, leading to auditory tube dysfunction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Hypothesis\/Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our objective was to characterize the microbiological and cytological findings of otic exudates from the external ear canal (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EEC<\/jats:styled-content>) (n = 68) and middle ear (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ME<\/jats:styled-content>) (n = 69) from 41<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CKCS<\/jats:styled-content>s with<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PSOM<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and materials<\/jats:title><jats:p>Swab samples from the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EEC<\/jats:styled-content>and mucus aspirated from the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ME<\/jats:styled-content>after performing a myringotomy were obtained for bacterial culture and cytological analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fifty\u2010five of 68 (81%)<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EEC<\/jats:styled-content>and 46 of 69 (67%)<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ME<\/jats:styled-content>yielded no bacterial growth. Thirty\u2010eight of the 68 (56%) ears had no microbial growth from neither the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EEC<\/jats:styled-content>nor<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ME<\/jats:styled-content>; seven (10%) had bacteria isolated from the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EEC<\/jats:styled-content>only; 17 (25%) had bacteria isolated from the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ME<\/jats:styled-content>only, and six (8%) had bacteria isolated from both<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EEC<\/jats:styled-content>and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ME<\/jats:styled-content>. Thirty\u2010four total bacterial isolates were cultured from<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ME<\/jats:styled-content>. The most common bacterial species isolated were coagulase\u2010negative staphylococci, followed by<jats:italic>Staphylococcus pseudintermedius<\/jats:italic>. Otic cytology identified coccoid organisms in only three of 68<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EEC<\/jats:styled-content>and four of 69<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ME<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The role of bacteria in the pathogenesis of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PSOM<\/jats:styled-content>in<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CKCS<\/jats:styled-content>is unclear. The majority of the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EEC<\/jats:styled-content>and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ME<\/jats:styled-content>of the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CKCS<\/jats:styled-content>with<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PSOM<\/jats:styled-content>were negative by conventional bacterial culture and the cytological presence of bacteria was not correlated with culture positives. The potential role of noncultivable microbiota in<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PSOM<\/jats:styled-content>requires exploration using molecular methods.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.12724","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,15]],"date-time":"2019-01-15T08:49:06Z","timestamp":1547542146000},"page":"151","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Bacteriology and cytology of otic exudates in 41 cavalier King Charles spaniels with primary secretory otitis media"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9815-7027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lynette K.","family":"Cole","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P\u00e4ivi J.","family":"Rajala\u2010Schultz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Production Animal Medicine Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Helsinki 04920 Saarentaus Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6443-704X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gwendolen","family":"Lorch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joshua B.","family":"Daniels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology &amp; Pathology College of Veterinary Medicine Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.12248"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2003.tb00151.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.12397"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2273.2000.00350.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","unstructured":"CLSI.Performance standards for antimicrobial disk and dilution susceptibility tests for bacteria isolated from animals: approved standard\u20134th ed. 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