{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T02:15:50Z","timestamp":1783131350814,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,6]],"date-time":"2020-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580947200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Bacterial densities likely fluctuate during infection and may exceed the bacterial density used in susceptibility testing. As such, investigation of bacterial killing by antibiotics over a range of varying bacterial densities may provide important differences between compounds and could impact drug selection for therapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Hypothesis\/Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To measure killing of clinical isolates of <jats:italic>Staphylococcus pseudintermedius<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> by cefazolin, cefovecin, doxycycline and pradofloxacin at clinically relevant (minimum inhibitory, mutant prevention, maximum serum and maximum tissue) drug concentrations against varying densities of bacteria.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Animals\/Materials<\/jats:title><jats:p>Bacterial strains collected from dogs with urinary tract infections were studied.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and materials<\/jats:title><jats:p>High bacterial densities ranging from 10<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup> to 10<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup> colony forming units (cfu)\/mL were exposed to minimum inhibitory, mutant prevention, blood and tissue drug concentrations, and the percentages (log<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>) of viable cells killed following 30\u00a0min, 1, 2, 4, 6, 12 and 24\u00a0h of drug exposure were quantified.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Doxycycline exhibited bacteriostatic properties with less killing than the other three agents. For example, at a 10<jats:sup>7<\/jats:sup>\u00a0cfu\/mL density of <jats:italic>S.\u00a0pseudintermedius<\/jats:italic>, more cells were killed by pradofloxacin (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001) and cefovecin (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.0014) but not cefazolin when compared to doxycycline at the maximum serum drug concentration following 12\u00a0h of drug exposure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions and clinical importance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Differences were seen between some drugs in the speed and extent of bacterial killing; this could be clinically important and may impact drug selection and length of therapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.12835","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,11]],"date-time":"2019-12-11T13:04:37Z","timestamp":1576069477000},"page":"187","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["<i>In vitro<\/i> killing of canine strains of <i>Staphylococcus pseudintermedius<\/i> and <i>Escherichia coli<\/i> by cefazolin, cefovecin, doxycycline and pradofloxacin over a range of bacterial densities"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3396-0334","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph M.","family":"Blondeau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Microbiology Royal University Hospital and Saskatchewan Health Authority 103 Hospital Drive Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada S7N 0W8"},{"name":"Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Pathology and Ophthalmology University of Saskatchewan 103 Hospital Drive Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada S7N 0W8"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shantelle D.","family":"Fitch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Microbiology Royal University Hospital and Saskatchewan Health Authority 103 Hospital Drive Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada S7N 0W8"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/381972"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dku379"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/425009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/511159"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/43.suppl_2.43"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2014.12.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.12334"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1120009X.2004.11782371"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(76)80003-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01968060"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.76.6.505"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-1455"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","unstructured":"CLSI.Methods for dilution antimicrobial susceptibility tests for bacteria that grow aerobically: approved standard \u2013 10thed. 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