{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T19:45:55Z","timestamp":1778183155269,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,27]],"date-time":"2020-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587945600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Polyautoimmunity, the concurrent expression of two or more distinct autoimmune diseases (ADs) in a single individual, is a known phenomenon in humans and has been rarely reported in dogs. To the best of the authors\u2019 knowledge, comorbid pemphigus foliaceus (PF) and generalized discoid lupus erythematosus (GDLE) has not been reported in dogs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Hypothesis\/Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To describe the clinical, histological and immunological features and treatment outcome of two unrelated dogs with comorbid PF and GDLE.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title><jats:p>One 10\u2010year\u2010old, spayed German shepherd dog and one 8\u2010year\u2010old, castrated American Staffordshire terrier presented for evaluation of a symmetrical, facial\u2010 and\/or pedal\u2010dominant pustular dermatitis with concurrent, truncal scaly plaques.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>For each dog, clinicopathological characterization included physical examination, lesion cytological evaluation, bacterial culture and sensitivity testing, skin histopathological investigation and direct and indirect immunofluorescence testing. Additional diagnostic imaging and haematological testing\u00a0was performed to exclude extracutaneous disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both dogs exhibited lesions clinically and histologically compatible with PF and GDLE. Moreover, one dog exhibited generalized leucotrichia and chronic superficial keratitis. Remission was achieved with immunosuppressive dosages of prednisolone [high\u2010dose pulse (Case 1) or standard immunosuppressive dosage (Case 2)] and ciclosporin (5\u20136\u00a0mg\/kg\/day). Tissue\u2010bound antikeratinocyte immunoglobulin (Ig)G and IgM were detected in both dogs. A weak basement membrane zone deposit of C3 was seen in one dog. Circulating antikeratinocyte and anti\u2010desmocollin\u20101 IgG were detected in one dog.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions and clinical importance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cutaneous polyautoimmunity can occur in the dog. Depending on the specific disease combinations, overlapping clinical features may present diagnostic and\/or therapeutic challenges. Moreover, these cases should be monitored for development of additional cutaneous or extra\u2010cutaneous AD(s).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.12851","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,28]],"date-time":"2020-04-28T00:56:33Z","timestamp":1588035393000},"page":"325","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Cutaneous polyautoimmunity in two unrelated dogs: pemphigus foliaceus and generalized discoid lupus erythematosus"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5275-7553","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Britt J.","family":"Levy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine NC State University 1060 William Moore Drive Raleigh NC 27607 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2970-2992","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keith E.","family":"Linder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health and Pathobiology College of Veterinary Medicine NC State University 1060 William Moore Drive Raleigh NC 27607 USA"},{"name":"Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research NC State University Raleigh NC 27606 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa B.","family":"Mamo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine NC State University 1060 William Moore Drive Raleigh NC 27607 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2772-9144","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ina","family":"Herrmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine NC State University 1060 William Moore Drive Raleigh NC 27607 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8629-0528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petra","family":"Bizikova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine NC State University 1060 William Moore Drive Raleigh NC 27607 USA"},{"name":"Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research NC State University Raleigh NC 27606 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