{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T23:41:01Z","timestamp":1791848461885,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,9]],"date-time":"2021-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is a new generation medical therapeutic option for bacterial infections. CAP causes physical cell wall rupture and DNA damage, therefore making it highly useful in the treatment of various conditions such as skin infections.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Hypothesis\/objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The antimicrobial activity of cold atmospheric microwave plasma (CAMP) against major strains in canine skin infections was tested and the difference in antimicrobial activity between the antibiotic\u2010resistant and antibiotic\u2010susceptible strains of <jats:italic>Staphylococcus pseudintermedius<\/jats:italic> was evaluated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and materials<\/jats:title><jats:p>American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) strains (<jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>) and clinical isolates identified as methicillin\u2010resistant <jats:italic>S.\u00a0pseudintermedius<\/jats:italic> (n\u00a0=\u00a027) and methicillin\u2010susceptible <jats:italic>S.\u00a0pseudintermedius<\/jats:italic> (n\u00a0=\u00a013) were exposed to CAMP for 10\u00a0s, 30\u00a0s and 60\u00a0s. Afterwards, the bacterial survival rate was confirmed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gram\u2010negative bacteria (<jats:italic>P.\u00a0aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>E.\u00a0coli<\/jats:italic>) were more susceptible than Gram\u2010positive bacteria <jats:italic>(S.\u00a0aureus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>S.\u00a0pseudintermedius<\/jats:italic>) for the same duration of CAMP exposure. Only the Gram\u2010negative bacteria were completely killed after 60\u00a0s exposure. In <jats:italic>S.\u00a0pseudintermedius<\/jats:italic> isolates, CAMP exposure had similar antibacterial effects regardless of antibiotic resistance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions and clinical importance<\/jats:title><jats:p>CAMP has sufficient antimicrobial activity against major bacterial strains that cause pyoderma and otitis externa in dogs, and may be an alternative therapeutic option for <jats:italic>S.\u00a0pseudintermedius<\/jats:italic> skin infections, for which antibiotics often are ineffective because of antimicrobial resistance in clinical veterinary medicine.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.13012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,10]],"date-time":"2021-08-10T05:44:40Z","timestamp":1628574280000},"page":"462","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["<i>In vitro<\/i> antimicrobial activity of cold atmospheric microwave plasma against bacteria causing canine skin and ear infections"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7974-3496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hee\u2010Jung","family":"Jin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Veterinary Dermatology and The Research Institute for Veterinary Science College of Veterinary Medicine Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7113-0361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cheol\u2010Yong","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Veterinary Dermatology and The Research Institute for Veterinary Science College of Veterinary Medicine Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jung\u2010Hun","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Origin Veterinary Dermatologic Hospital Busan 48280 Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7866-7778","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seung\u2010Joon","family":"Baek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Signal Transduction College of Veterinary Medicine Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1157-2237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jae\u2010Eun","family":"Hyun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine Konkuk Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital Konkuk University Seoul 05029 Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","first-page":"184","volume-title":"Muller and Kirk's Small Animal Dermatology","author":"Miller WH","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268818003278"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2017.08.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3164.2012.01034.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2015.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2013.08.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.13780"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0022-3727\/44\/1\/013002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0022-3727\/47\/40\/405201"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppap.200800021"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppap.201600134"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep38610"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpme.2012.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0120041"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpme.2012.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpme.2013.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/104063870902100514"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","unstructured":"CLSI.Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility tests for bacteria Isolated from animals\u2013 4th ed. 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