{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T03:52:18Z","timestamp":1768449138154,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,7]],"date-time":"2023-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686096000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dexmedetomidine (Dexmedetomidine hydrochloride\u2010Dexdomitor; Zoetis) is the preferred sedative used for canine intradermal allergen testing (IDT) in the United States. Alfaxalone (Alfaxan Multidose; Jurox Animal Health) is a neuroactive steroid, and its effect on sedation and allergen reactivity scores is unknown.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Hypothesis\/Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>We hypothesised that alfaxalone would produce an adequate level of sedation with fewer cardiovascular adverse effects and would not affect allergen reactivity scores or histamine wheal size compared to dexmedetomidine.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty client\u2010owned dogs were included in two groups: 10 atopic and 10 nonatopic. In a randomised, controlled, blinded, cross\u2010over design all dogs underwent two modified IDT, 1\u20134\u2009weeks apart, using intravenous\u00a0dexmedetomidine (2.87\u20135.22 \u03bcg\/kg) or alfaxalone (1.8\u20132.4\u2009mg\/kg). Anaesthetic parameters and sedation level were recorded over 25\u2009min using a validated canine sedation scale described by Grint et al. (Small Anim Pract, 2009, 50, 62). Simultaneously, both objective and subjective reactivity scores were measured in technical triplicates at 10, 15 and 20\u2009min. The modified IDT included eight allergens, histamine\u2010positive and saline\u2010negative controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Alfaxalone produced a significantly higher sedation score across all time points (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). All objective scores were significantly correlated to the corresponding subjective scores (Spearman<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.859,<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). Sedative used did not significantly affect subjective allergen scores for nine atopic dogs (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.05, 15\u2009min). Sedative used did not affect the diameter of objective scores for individual allergens and histamine wheals (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.05, 15\u2009min).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Intravascular alfaxalone is an alternative sedative for IDT in dogs. Alfaxalone may be preferred to dexmedetomidine in some clinical scenarios as a result of having fewer cardiovascular adverse effects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.13175","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,8]],"date-time":"2023-06-08T02:35:36Z","timestamp":1686191736000},"page":"404-414","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Alfaxalone provides reliable sedation for intradermal allergen testing in dogs and does not significantly affect results when compared to dexmedetomidine"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Courtney","family":"Meason","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"BluePearl Veterinary Specialists Spring Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Salazar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BluePearl Veterinary Specialists Spring Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christina M.","family":"Gentry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BluePearl Veterinary Specialists Spring Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"37","article-title":"Atopic dermatitis in animals and people: an update and comparative review","volume":"4","author":"Marsella R","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev Vet Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.12088"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.12376"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2015.09.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1991.52.09.1484","article-title":"Influence of sedative and anesthetic agents on intradermal skin test reactions in dogs","volume":"52","author":"Moriello KA","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1990.197.07.861","article-title":"Effects of sedation on intradermal skin testing in flea\u2010allergic dogs","volume":"197","author":"Beale KM","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1998.59.01.7","article-title":"Effects of propofol anesthesia on intradermally injected histamine phosphate in clinically normal dogs","volume":"59","author":"Kennis RA","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3164.2003.00337.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-2427(01)00313-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1857","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1992.201.12.1857","article-title":"Effect of tiletamine\/zolazepam sedation on intradermal allergy testing in atopic dogs","volume":"201","author":"Codner EC","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3164.2000.00205.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.12923"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2001.62.1073"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","unstructured":"Zoetis.Orion pharma corporation. Dexdomitor.2015www.zoetisuc.com\/products\/dogs\/dexdomitor"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15488"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2008.00406.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-019-2690-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2014.00569"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","first-page":"14741","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine alleviates the spinal cord ischemia\u2010reperfusion injury through blocking mast cell degranulation","volume":"8","author":"Ma J","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3164.2010.00889.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.12016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-017-1027-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2008.00670.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0204553"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.12708"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.12514"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.12464"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vde.13175","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]],"date-time":"2024-10-21T22:57:39Z","timestamp":1729551459000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/vde.13175"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,7]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/vde.13175"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/vde.13175","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0959-4493","1365-3164"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0959-4493","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-3164","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-04-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-03-05","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-06-07","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}