{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T12:18:10Z","timestamp":1775909890786,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,18]],"date-time":"2023-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702857600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["17K18189"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17K18189"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil (HCO ethoxylates) is a nonionic surfactant used as an excipient for ointments and injections in human and veterinary drugs. Several polyethylene glycol (PEG) derivatives can be obtained depending on the number of moles of ethylene oxide (EO). HCO ethoxylates have the potential to cause anaphylactoid reactions. There is little published information about these types of reactions in dogs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the potential for HCO\u2010ethoxylate\u2010containing drugs to cause anaphylactoid reactions in dogs, employing intradermal testing (IDT) with various concentrations of HCO ethoxylates (HCO\u201025, \u201040, \u201060 and \u201080).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title><jats:p>Four healthy male laboratory dogs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We performed IDT with drugs containing HCO ethoxylates and HCO ethoxylates alone to determine threshold concentrations. The IDT scores and threshold concentrations were compared. Analysis of skin biopsies from IDT sites was used to measure the percentage of degranulated mast cells. The effect of histamine at IDT sites was investigated by pre\u2010treatment with an antihistamine.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>All HCO\u2010ethoxylate\u2010containing drugs caused a wheal\u2010and\u2010flare reaction. The threshold concentrations (0.001% and 0.00001%) of each HCO\u2010ethoxylate depended on the number of moles of EO (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Mast cell degranulation was enhanced by all HCO ethoxylates. The HCO\u201060\u2010induced reaction was suppressed by an oral antihistamine.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title><jats:p>The threshold concentration can serve as a consideration for developing safe new drug formulations and for clinical decision\u2010making around using drugs containing PEG derivatives. IDT is useful to predict the risk of adverse effects. Antihistamines could demonstrate a prophylactic effect.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.13228","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,19]],"date-time":"2023-12-19T08:57:13Z","timestamp":1702976233000},"page":"263-272","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Cutaneous anaphylactoid reaction to polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil in dogs"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7051-8305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yukina","family":"Sugiyama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Small Animal Clinics Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Azabu University  Sagamihara Kanagawa Japan"},{"name":"Sugiyama Veterinary Clinic  Shizuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1654-960X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shinpei","family":"Kawarai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Small Animal Clinics Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Azabu University  Sagamihara Kanagawa Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7036-7084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shinichi","family":"Ansai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Dermatology and Dermatopathology, Nippon Medical School Musashi Kosugi Hospital  Kawasaki Kanagawa Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6163-9105","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pradeep","family":"Bist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases Duke\u2010National University of Singapore  Singapore City Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1662-2096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soman N.","family":"Abraham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases Duke\u2010National University of Singapore  Singapore City Singapore"},{"name":"Department of Pathology Duke University Medical Center  Durham North Carolina USA"},{"name":"Department of Immunology Duke University Medical Center  Durham North Carolina USA"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Genetics &amp; 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