{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T10:57:13Z","timestamp":1777978633515,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,4]],"date-time":"2024-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704326400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Staphylococcus pseudintermedius<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>S.\u2009aureus<\/jats:italic> are bacterial species of importance in veterinary medicine. The increasing incidence of antibiotic resistance necessitates the implementation of novel treatment modalities. Fluorescent light energy (FLE) is used as an adjunctive and primary treatment for canine pyoderma. However, no in\u00a0vitro studies exist investigating its bactericidal effects against <jats:italic>S.\u2009pseudintermedius<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>S.\u2009aureus.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the bactericidal effects of FLE on <jats:italic>S.\u2009pseudintermedius<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>S.\u2009aureus<\/jats:italic> isolates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two meticillin\u2010susceptible <jats:italic>S.\u2009pseudintermedius<\/jats:italic> (MSSP) isolates, three meticillin\u2010resistant <jats:italic>S.\u2009pseudintermedius<\/jats:italic> (MRSP) isolates and one meticillin\u2010resistant <jats:italic>S.\u2009aureus<\/jats:italic> (MRSA) isolate were studied. A\u00a0commercially available blue light\u2010emitting diode (bLED) lamp and photoconverting hydrogel FLE system was used. All bacteria were exposed to five conditions following inoculation: (i) no treatment (control); (ii) blue light (bLED) once; (iii) bLED twice consecutively; (iv) FLE (bLED and photoconverting hydrogel) once; and (v) FLE (bLED and photoconverting hydrogel) twice consecutively. Each individual exposure was 2\u2009min long.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>No statistically significant differences (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) were found for any treatment group when each bacterial isolate was evaluated individually, MSSP isolates were grouped, MRSP isolates were grouped, when all <jats:italic>S.\u2009pseudintermedius<\/jats:italic> isolates were combined, or when all isolates of both <jats:italic>Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic> species were combined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title><jats:p>While clinical success is reported when using FLE to treat <jats:italic>Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic> infections in animals, no in\u00a0vitro antibacterial efficacy was identified for <jats:italic>S.\u2009pseudintermedius<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>S.\u2009aureus<\/jats:italic> under experimental conditions. The clinical success observed with FLE may be the result of a more complex <jats:italic>in\u00a0vivo<\/jats:italic> response.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.13235","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,5]],"date-time":"2024-01-05T04:04:25Z","timestamp":1704427465000},"page":"166-174","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["In vitro evaluation of bactericidal effects of fluorescent light energy on <i>Staphylococcus pseudintermedius<\/i> and <i>S.\u2009aureus<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9043-6662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annette T.","family":"Lundberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Auburn University  Auburn Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Terri","family":"Hathcock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathobiology Auburn University  Auburn Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert A.","family":"Kennis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Auburn University  Auburn Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amelia G.","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Auburn University  Auburn Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21061914"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.12118"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.12938"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.254.1.124"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22052437"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23031372"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/phpp.12282"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drup.2017.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ScapagniniG MarchegianiA RossiG ZagoM JowarskaJ WaelM et\u00a0al.Management of all three phases of wound healing through the induction of fluorescence biomodulation using fluorescence light energy. 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