{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T15:48:36Z","timestamp":1787500116937,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,30]],"date-time":"2024-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724976000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sebaceous adenitis (SA) is an immune\u2010mediated disease targeting the sebaceous glands. Meibomian gland dysfunction is a disease affecting meibomian glands with inflammatory features. Sebaceous and meibomian glands share anatomical, physiological and embryological similarities. The involvement of meibomian glands in dogs with SA is currently unknown.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate meibomian glands in dogs affected by SA and compare them with healthy dogs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eighteen dogs were enrolled. Nine dogs with SA were retrospectively identified from clinical records and represented the case group. Nine healthy, breed\u2010 and age\u2010matched dogs were prospectively enrolled in the control group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both groups underwent dermatological examination, Schirmer tear test\u20101 (STT\u20101), tear meniscus height (TMH), slit\u2010lamp biomicroscopy, interferometry (INT) and noncontact infrared meibography (NIM).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      One third of SA dogs presented subepithelial crystalline opacities. No significant difference between groups was observed in TMH (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.944) and STT\u20101 values (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.066). INT (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.016) and NIM grades (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.010) were significantly higher and lower in the SA group compared to the control group, respectively. INT values decreased with age (\u03b7\u2009=\u20090.930), while NIM scores (\u03b7\u2009=\u20090.935) increased.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Clinical Relevance: Subepithelial crystalline opacities in SA dogs might reflect a reduced tear film quality. In the absence of standardised methods, INT and NIM proved to be noninvasive and useful methods to examine meibomian glands. Dogs with SA showed a thinner lacrimal lipid layer and more severe meibomian gland abnormalities than control dogs, which seemed to progress with age.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.13293","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,30]],"date-time":"2024-08-30T03:36:26Z","timestamp":1724988986000},"page":"605-616","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Correlation between meibomian gland dysfunction and sebaceous adenitis in dogs"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7755-4241","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia","family":"Striuli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ghent University  Merelbeke 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