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Three electronic databases were searched for randomised controlled trials, systematic reviews and meta\u2010analyses on treatment and prevention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results, Conclusions and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Diagnosis should be based on compatible clinical signs and\/or clinicopathologic abnormalities, exclusion of differentials, demonstration of infection and increased concentration of anti\u2010\n                      <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n                      IgG (quantitative serology). Euthanasia for public health purposes is not recommended and drugs with anti\u2010\n                      <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n                      activity should be avoided in subclinically infected dogs. Recommended treatments include meglumine antimoniate\u2010allopurinol (first\u2010line treatment), miltefosine\u2010allopurinol (first\u2010line treatment) and aminosidine\u2010allopurinol (second\u2010line treatment); marbofloxacin may be considered in dogs with advanced chronic kidney disease. In endemic areas, recommended measures for prevention include deltamethrin 4% collar, flumethrin 4.5%\u2010imidacloprid 10% collar or permethrin 50%\u2010imidacloprid 10% spot\u2010on, not using infected blood products for transfusion, not breeding seropositive bitches or dogs with CanL, administration of domperidone (seronegative dogs) and dietary nucleotides\u2010active hexose correlated compound (subclinically infected, seropositive dogs). Vaccination with\n                      <jats:italic>Li<\/jats:italic>\n                      ESP with MDP may be considered, whereas protein Q vaccine is recommended in areas with very high rates of seroconversion. In non\u2010endemic areas, recommended measures include not using infected blood products for transfusion and removal of infected female dogs from reproduction.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.70006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T04:40:37Z","timestamp":1754023237000},"page":"723-787","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["World Association for Veterinary Dermatology Consensus Statement for Diagnosis, and Evidence\u2010Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Treatment and Prevention of Canine Leishmaniosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8308-3371","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manolis N.","family":"Saridomichelakis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science University of Thessaly  Karditsa 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