{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T00:12:07Z","timestamp":1789171927587,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773878400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773878400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An increased number of dogs with unresolved yeast otitis externa (OE) after miconazole treatment was observed at a tertiary practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypothesis\/Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To evaluate miconazole susceptibility in\n                      <jats:italic>Malassezia pachydermatis<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates from canine OE.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eleven client\u2010owned dogs (16 ears) with clinical and video otoscopic signs of OE and cytological evidence of yeast.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Yeast cultures were derived from ear swabs. PCR amplified portions of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), and partial sequences encoding the 18S rRNA small subunit (SSU), 26S rRNA large subunit (LSU), and actin (\n                      <jats:italic>ACT1<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) loci for phylogenetic analysis, as well as the\n                      <jats:italic>ERG11<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene that encodes lanosterol 14\u03b1\u2010demethylase. Miconazole susceptibility was assessed by disk diffusion on Mueller\u2013Hinton agar. Molecular modelling was used to evaluate the relationship between lanosterol 14\u03b1\u2010demethylase amino acid substitutions and miconazole susceptibility.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Isolates of\n                      <jats:italic>M. pachydermatis<\/jats:italic>\n                      from canine OE formed a three\u2010clade phylogeny. Most\n                      <jats:italic>ERG11<\/jats:italic>\n                      mutations predicted lanosterol 14\u03b1\u2010demethylase substitutions that were clade\u2010specific without an effect on miconazole susceptibility. Reduced susceptibility was associated with substitutions of amino acid A302, located in the lanosterol 14\u03b1\u2010demethylase azole\u2010binding site. Other altered amino acids were located elsewhere in the lanosterol 14\u03b1\u2010demethylase protein without an apparent effect on miconazole binding.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Clinical isolates of\n                      <jats:italic>M. pachydermatis<\/jats:italic>\n                      with reduced miconazole susceptibility were easily found, suggesting that miconazole resistance is present in routine patients. Lanosterol 14\u03b1\u2010demethylase interactions with longer\u2010tailed azoles involve additional contacts beyond A302 suggesting these drugs will be more effective against miconazole\u2010resistant strains. However, effective antifungal stewardship is needed to slow development of pan\u2010azole resistance that would limit treatment options for dogs with\n                      <jats:italic>M. pachydermatis<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010associated disease.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.70059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T08:40:33Z","timestamp":1773909633000},"page":"620-629","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Phylogenetic and Structural Analysis of Miconazole Susceptibility in\n                    <i>Malassezia pachydermatis<\/i>\n                    Isolates From Dogs With Otitis Externa"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8863-9795","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cole M.","family":"Belcher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology University of Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine  Urbana Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9455-7867","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clarissa P.","family":"Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine University of Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine  Urbana Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elyas","family":"McGuire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy University of Otago  Dunedin New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0338-6776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chien\u2010Che","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine University of Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine  Urbana Illinois USA"},{"name":"Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory University of Illinois Urbana\u2010Champaign  Urbana Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0783-1635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joel D. 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