{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,12]],"date-time":"2026-07-12T06:07:56Z","timestamp":1783836476690,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777680000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777680000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100016210","name":"Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy \u00dcniversitesi","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1048\u2010YL\u201024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1048\u2010YL\u201024"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100016210","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Contagious ecthyma (Orf) is a highly contagious, economically significant disease affecting sheep, goats and wild small ruminants, caused by the resilient Orf virus (ORFV). It produces thick, crusted lesions around the mouth and nostrils, especially in animals aged 3\u20134\u2009months, sometimes causing near 100% mortality in immunocompromised young animals. ORFV targets epithelial cells, evading host defences and impairing feeding, which leads to malnutrition and production losses. Key molecules such as Toll\u2010like receptor (TLR)\u20104, heat shock protein (HSP)\u201070 and caspase\u20103 play crucial roles in innate immunity, stress responses and apoptosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study investigates TLR\u20104, HSP\u201070 and caspase\u20103 expression in the lesions of naturally infected animals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 37 ecthyma lesions were examined histopathologically and immunohistochemically.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All three markers showed increased expression in both epithelial cells and inflammatory infiltrates within the lesions. These findings indicate that TLR\u20104, HSP\u201070 and caspase\u20103 may play pivotal roles in the immunopathogenesis of contagious ecthyma and could represent potential diagnostic or therapeutic targets. Further research is warranted to clarify their mechanistic involvement and potential applications in disease control strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.70082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T08:15:26Z","timestamp":1777709726000},"page":"549-556","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Immunohistochemical Evaluation of\n                    <scp>TLR<\/scp>\n                    \u20104,\n                    <scp>HSP<\/scp>\n                    \u201070 and Caspase\u20103 Expressions in Lesional Areas of Ecthyma Disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Emine Nur","family":"Dincer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University  Burdur Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1835-1082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ozlem","family":"Ozmen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University  Burdur Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"ICTV \u201cCurrent ICTV Taxonomy Release \u201d (2024) https:\/\/ictv.global\/taxonomy."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2010.11.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.102353"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1501\/Vetfak_0000002876"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2010.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.1932"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","first-page":"393","article-title":"Contagious Ecthyma of Sheep and Goats: A Comprehensive Review on Epidemiology, Immunity, Diagnostics and Control Measures","volume":"89","author":"Karki M.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Veterinary Archives"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v7031505"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v17040587"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-59430-4_7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0952-7915(99)00046-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.1209775"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2008.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.110.068064"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.1105672"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07830"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1863"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35019501"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-004-4464-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10317"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01926230701320337"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4400476"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm1496"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm2312"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.2000634"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.10489"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1087262"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1391"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.02.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymeth.2007.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-7258(98)00028-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1587414"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M606192200"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm2941"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Erratum inNature Reviews. 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